August 27, 1915] 



SCIENCE 



275 



TABLE XI 



Service in Two Institutions Only — 58 Names — 

 from 1903 and 1910 Lists 



First Second 

 Position Position 



Hopkins 10 5 



Michigan 4 1 



Chicago (including Bush Medical 



College) 1 5 



Columbia 5 6 



University and Bellevue 4 4 



Missouri 2 



Cornell 5 



Harvard 2 5 



Eockef eller Institute 2 



Yale 3 



Oovernment work 4 2 



New York Polyclinic 2 



Wisconsin 4 



Albany Medical College 1 1 



California 1 2 



"Wesleyan 1 1 



Northwestern 1 2 



Pennsylvania 2 2 



Bryn Mawr 2 



Stanford 2 



Massachusetts Institute of Tech- 

 nology 2 



A comparison of Tables X. and XI. shows 

 that of the total of 238 individuals, definite 

 scientific prominence was attained by 85 who 

 remained in one institution and by 56 who 

 had worked in two institutions; of the re- 

 maining 97, about three quarters are definitely 

 credited with residence in three or more insti- 

 tutions.i' On the basis of such a classification 

 it would appear that greater opportunity for 

 successful effort, and therefore greater scien- 

 tific prominence, attends continuous residence 

 in one institution. On the other hand, if the 

 second and third group are added together, the 

 figures favor migration. The first group, which 

 includes a large proportion of the older men in 

 anatomy, physiology, chemistry and the clinical 

 subjects, is in striking contrast to the condi- 

 tion under the German system; on the other 

 hand, the second and third groups contain a 

 large number of the younger men representing 



13 The data concerning twenty-one is either in- 

 complete or too indefinite for tabulation in this 

 Tegard. 



prominence in pathology, bacteriology, hygiene 

 and physiological chemistry, and is suggestive 

 of the principle of migration so characteristic 

 of the German system. Another important 

 point brought out is that a relatively small 

 number of institutions have fostered this 

 selected group, or at least have given them 

 opportunity for attaining prominence. This 

 is shown in Table XII., which is based upon 

 the total number of positions held by 158^* 

 individuals of the 1903 list only. Only insti- 

 tutions represented by four or more positions 

 are given. 



TABLE xn 

 Institutions and Positions Represented by 158 In- 

 dividuals of 1903 List. 



Johns Hopkins 



Harvard 



Columbia 



Michigan 



Pennsylvania 



Chicago 



University and Bellevue 



Northwestern 



Cornell 



Yale 



Western Reserve 



Missouri 



California 



Clark 



Minnesota 



Rockefeller Institute 



Foreign Universities 



Federal, State, City and Hos- 

 pital 



Grand total 



Table XH. shows 239 positions divided in 18 

 ways. If foreign universities, federal, state 

 and city and hospital positions and the Eocke- 

 feUer Institute are removed, we have 203 posi- 

 tions divided among only 15 universities. As 

 the total number of positions occupied by the 

 158 individuals was 314 it is evident that 



If* Twenty-one names are omitted because of un- 

 satisfactory or indefinite data. 



15 Institutions represented by less than 4 men 

 total 75 positions, making a final total of 314 posi- 

 tions. 



