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SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XLII. No. 1080 



it is the duty of France to restore the preem- 

 inence of quality and he points out that the 

 way towards tliis end is easy. In fact his sug- 

 gestions are " to give to quality opportunity to 

 manifest itself, do not hide it under a bushel, 

 for men never refuse to recognize the intel- 

 lectual or moral superiority which is pointed 

 out to them; their natural sentiments of 

 equality and justice, far from being shocked 

 by this, are exalted thereby. The young 

 people, in particular, regard themselves united 

 with the comrade whom they have learnt to 

 appreciate; far from being jealous of his suc- 

 cess, they are happy with him." 



These suggestions should be equally useful 

 among us where the need of reform is even 

 more evident than in France. Our great 

 western state universities are doubtless espe- 

 cially in danger of being overwhelmed by judg- 

 ments of quantity, in view of their very direct 

 contact with the public. They present there- 

 fore unusually important centers for emphasis 

 on quality, and for guarding against being ab- 

 sorbed in the work which admits of exhibition 

 in attractive circulars presenting statistical 

 data in regard to quantity. Public references 

 to quality of work and to the deeper joys and 

 compensations of intellectual life are especially 

 needed in these institutions. 



The very rapid growth of our educational 

 institutions has naturally led to an abnormal 

 interest in changes in quantity. It is so easy 

 and harmless to speak of the increase in the 

 material equipment. It is much more difficult 

 and delicate to make clear that the intellectual 

 advances made by the faculty have kept pace 

 with these material advances, or that the moral 

 and intellectual influences surrounding the 

 students are better than they were in former 

 years. These latter questions involve com- 

 parisons, and they frequently lead at first to 

 differences of opinion. They are, however, the 

 more important, and the foreign scholars who 

 may be in our midst will judge us very largely 

 by the way we deal with these questions of 

 quality. It will be very unfortunate if we con- 

 tinue to impress these men as we seem to have 

 impressed Professor Borel, especially since 

 such impressions seem to represent only our 



superficial attitude, at least, as far as they re- 

 late to our intellectual and moral life. 



G. A. Miller 



University op Illinois 



FBEDESIC WASD PUTNAM 

 With Professor Putnam, who died on Au- 

 gust 14, at the age of seventy-six years, the last 

 of the three men has passed away who may 

 well be called the founders of modern anthro- 

 pology in America: Brinton, Powell and Put- 

 nam. Brinton in Philadelphia, with keen, 

 analytic mind, full of imagination, with wide 

 interests, opened up ever new fields and prob- 

 lems and stimulated through his personal influ- 

 ence the work of others and paved the way to 

 the recognition of anthropology as a scientific 

 study. Powell performed the great service of 

 organizing the anthropological work of the 

 government by founding the Bureau of Ethnol- 

 ogy and providing in this manner the means 

 for scientific research. With rare insight he 

 selected an unusually gifted group ef men 

 around himself, and to their labors we owe the 

 fundamental data on which modern American 

 ethnology has been built up. Through the 

 sheer force of his personality he impressed 

 some of his fundamental philosophic views 

 and some of his methods upon his collabo- 

 rators not only in the Bureau of Ethnology, 

 but in a much wider group of scientists that 

 came under his influence, and gave in this 

 manner to anthropological studies a definite 

 direction that may still be recognized. 



Professor Putnam's contributions were of an- 

 other kind. Taught in the Agassiz school of 

 independent search for facts, he took up anthro- 

 pological studies with that enthusiastic wor- 

 ship of material data as the indispensable basis 

 for inductive studies that has dominated his 

 life and that, together with his skill as an or- 

 ganizer, have made him the most potent factor 

 in the development of anthropological institu- 

 tions all over the country. Owing to the trend 

 of his mind, his interests centered in the ob- 

 jective, tangible sides of anthropology and, 

 therefore, his chief contribution lies in the 

 development of museum work. The search for 

 well authenticated Indian material and his in- 



