456 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XLII. No. 1083- 



articles, " loc. cii." may refer to a reference 

 published in a preceding article, sometimes to 

 one in a preceding volume. In one case ap- 

 proaching the limit of misuse, the statement 

 in the text reads, " Harvard^ and Princeton' 

 laboratories." The reference number 2 is to 

 " loc. cit." On looking at reference number 1 

 it is found that the word " Harvard " is not 

 mentioned at all. In order to make sure that 

 this " loc. cit." did not refer to a reference in 

 some preceding article, both the publications 

 under number 1 would have to be noted and 

 examined by any one unfamiliar with the fact 

 that a man with a certain name, interested in 

 a certain subject, was writing articles coming 

 from Harvard in a particular year. This con- 

 tingency will arise in some future time. 



There are two classes of readers interested 

 in the position of references. The reader who 

 wishes only to see the date of a statement 

 referred to in the text, or the name of the 

 ioumal in which the statement was published, 

 naturally finds it easier to look down at the 

 foot of the page, instead of turning to the end. 

 But the reader who wishes to look up an orig- 

 inal article is willing to take this small 

 trouble of turning to the end, especially when 

 it saves time in the long run. Having had to 

 read through articles, and look over references 

 which ran in number into the hundreds of 

 thousands, then look up thousands of the orig- 

 inal articles from these references, I can speak 

 from adequate experience of the positive value 

 of the method recommended here, for it was 

 always a pleasure and relief to come across the 

 few articles using it. 



Since there is a constant plea for saving of 

 space in articles presented to scientific jour- 

 nals, a method of economy which will save 

 from one half to one per cent, of the space now 

 used, and at the same time increase the ease of 

 looking up references and authorities, seems 

 worthy of consideration. 



Hetwakd Scdddee 



SCIENTIFIC BOOKS 

 Essays and Addresses. By the late James 

 Campbell Brown, D.Sc. (Lond.), LL.D. 

 (Abdn.), Professor of Chemistry in the Uni- 



versity of Liverpool. With a Portrait and 



Twenty-two Illustrations. London, J. & A. 



Churchill. 1914. Pp. x+208. Price $2.00 



net. 



A memorial volume is always of interest to 

 the former students of a loved professor and 

 to such this collection of essays and addresses 

 by the late Dr. Campbell Brown will chiefly 

 appeal; but from another standpoint this book 

 is of interest not merely to chemists, but to all 

 who come into touch with chemical industry, 

 in that it presents the opinions of a discern- 

 ing critic, expressed from time to time in a 

 more or less popular way to audiences inter- 

 ested in the development and utilization of 

 chemistry. This is particularly true at the 

 present time when so many are turning their 

 attention to the applications of chemistry to 

 conditions of war. 



Of the twelve addresses, three were delivered 

 as chairman of the Liverpool Section of the 

 Society of Chemical Industry, five before the 

 Students' Chemical Society of University Col- 

 lege, Liverpool, and two before joint meetings 

 of the societies of the same college. The pe- 

 riod covered in these addresses is 1886 to 1908, 

 and many of the thoughts are equally applica- 

 ble to the present time, especially those dealing 

 with education. 



It is interesting to read in the address on 

 Technical Education delivered in 1886, Dr. 

 Brown's strong plea for linking a sound early 

 mental training with education of the hands, 

 an idea which has been developed in this coun- 

 try along the line of the manual-training 

 schools. Dr. Brown would, however, solve the 

 problem along somewhat diilerent lines. He 

 would have workshops for different kinds of 

 trades erected in a few well-chosen districts of 

 a town, and require each scholar to spend a 

 sixth day of every week in one or other of 

 these shops, such day being counted as a part 

 of regular school attendance. A single work- 

 shop would thus serve for a considerable num- 

 ber of graded schools, and the workshop day 

 would be looked forward to as almost a holiday. 

 He says : " By this system I do not think that 

 the amount of ordinary school work would be 

 lessened; but if it were, the decrease would 



