OCTOBEK 15, 1915] 



SCIENCE 



541 



ttey wander out and have noted how very soon 

 they may be separated into four distinctly 

 different types, and following the development 

 and behavior of these types it has seemed evi- 

 dent that they are entirely separate and do not 

 intergrade or transmutate. The black chroma- 

 tophore does not change its nature or divide 

 off other cells which become different in type 

 from the parent cell. Neither do the endothe- 

 lial cells lining the vessel walls change into 

 chromatophores or into erythroblasts, or vice 

 versa. 



From the observations on these yolk-sacs we 

 must conclude that the four types of cells de- 

 scribed above have developed from four differ- 

 ent anlagen, although these anlagen were not 

 necessarily localized groups of cells, but were 

 diffusely scattered mesenchymal cells capable 

 of developing into a definite product, either 

 normal or abnormal, depending upon the na- 

 ture of the developmental environment. There- 

 fore, the four distinct mesenchymal anlagen 

 each gives rise to a perfectly typical and dis- 

 tinct cell type, although all develop in, as far 

 as is possible to judge, an identical environ- 

 ment, the cavity of the yolk-sac between the 

 ectoderm and the periblastic syncytium. The 

 differences among the four cell types produced 

 are from the standpoint of our present knowl- 

 edge in all probability due to the potential 

 differences among the apparently similar 

 mesenchymal cells from which they arose. 

 The four types including endothelial cells and 

 erythrocytes we must consider, from an embryo- 

 logical standpoint, as being polyphyletic in 

 origin. 0. E. Stockard 



Woods Hole, Mass., 

 September 15, 1915 



ANTEBOFOLOGT AT THE SAN FBANCISCO 

 MEETING 

 A SPECIAL meeting of the American Anthropo- 

 logical Association was held in the Museum of 

 Greek Sculpture and Anthropology, University of 

 California, Berkeley, August 3 to 5, 1915, in 

 affiliation with Section H and the American An- 

 thropological Association. In the absence of Pro- 

 fessor A. L. Kroeber, chairman of the committee on 

 program. Professor T. T. Waterman, vice-chairman, 



presided. Although the program was a compara- 

 tively short one, the attendance at the meetings 

 was large. 



Papers of interest to anthropologists were also 

 read before the joint meeting of the American 

 Psychological Association and Section H; and be- 

 fore the Archeologieal Institute of America. 

 However, the abstracts which follow will be con- 

 fined entirely to the papers read before the Anthro- 

 pological Association. For example, among the 

 papers read before the Archeologieal Institute 

 should be mentioned ' ' Ancient Mexican Spindle- 

 whorls, ' ' by Mrs. Nuttall, which was illustrated by 

 an exhibit of two hundred specimens, as well as by 

 reference to one of Lord Kingsborough's volumes; 

 "Life Forms in the Pottery of the Southwest," 

 by Mrs. Harry L. Wilson; "Aspects of Neolithic 

 Culture of the Santa Barbara Channel Islands, 

 California," by Hector Alliot; "Latest Work of 

 the School of American Archeology at Quirigua, 

 Guatemala ' ' ; and ' ' Archeology at the Panama- 

 California Exposition," by Edgar L. Hewett; and 

 ' ' The Unpublished Material in the Mayance and 

 Southern Mexican Languages," by Wm. E. Gates. 



The papers read before the American Anthropo- 

 logical Association included: "A Demonstration 

 of the Skull of an Ancient San Diegan Indian 

 Showing the Largest Coronoid Index yet Re- 

 corded" (by title), by J. C. Thompson; "Differ- 

 ences in Papago and Pima Coiled Basketry" (by 

 title) , by Mary Lois Kissell ; ' ' Kumana, a Primi- 

 tive Corner of Japan, and Its Folk-Lore, as Stud- 

 ied by Mr. Minkata" (by title), by W. T. 

 Swingle ; and ' ' The Significance of the Present 

 Forward Movement in China," by Yamei Kin. 



Abstracts of all the other papers presented fol- 

 low: 



The MiwoTc Moieties: E. W. Gipixjkd. 



The Central Sierra Miwok Indians of the Sierra 

 Nevada Mountains of California are divided into 

 exogamous moieties with paternal descent. Each 

 moiety is associated through the personal names of 

 its members with either the "water" or the 

 "land" side of nature, this division of nature 

 being more or less arbitrary. The object after 

 which a person is named does not appear, as a rule, 

 in the name itself; it does appear, however, in the 

 connotation of the name. The connection thus ex- 

 isting between the moiety and a group of natural 

 objects lends a totemic aspect to the Miwok moi- 

 eties, which is supported by a myth attributing 

 the parentage of the founders to the bear and the 

 coyote. The moieties are practically impotent as 



