542 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XLII. No. 1085 



ceremonial factors, their chief function being the 

 regulation of marriage. 



The system of relationship contains thirty-four 

 terms, and in certain features closely parallels the 

 systems of the southern Siouan tribes, notably the 

 Omaha. A striking feature is the placing of cross 

 cousins in two generations, which results in the use 

 for cross cousins of terms meaning son, daughter, 

 stepmother, uncle, niece, nephew. This feature is 

 correlated with the marriage of a woman to her 

 father 's sister 's husband. 



Cross cousin marriage is limited to one pair of 

 cousins only, who use the terms meaning son and 

 stepmother. The theory is advanced that the 

 Miwok type of cross cousin marriage originated 

 through the influence, upon the institution of mar- 

 riage, of wife purchase and descent in the male 

 line. 



Demonstration of a Series of Philippine Slculls 



from Bohol: Luther Parkeb. 



The number of skulls under discussion is seven. 

 These skulls were collected in a limestone burial 

 cave on a promonotory near the barrio of Tiagas in 

 the town of Loay, Bohol Province, by the writer 

 personally. In addition to the skulls, he also se- 

 cured the lid of a coffin, some ornaments and 

 pieces of pottery both native and Chinese. A few 

 steel or iron spear heads and parts of blades were 

 likewise obtained. 



It is probable that the articles collected were 

 deposited in the cave not later than a.d. 1600, 

 since the conversion of Bohol to Christianity took 

 place about that time. As to how much earlier the 

 cave was used it is not possible to state, but prob- 

 ably not earlier than a.d. 500. Native traditions do 

 not fix the time of these burials, but deal only with 

 the custom of borrowing the pottery and orna- 

 ments for use in fiestas, this custom having been 

 quite widely distributed. 



Cave burial seems to have been practised quite 

 extensively in the Bisayas and to some extent in 

 northern Luzon among the Igorots and in the 

 Batanes Islands. Jar burial both in eaves and out 

 was also practised in the Bisayas and in the Bobu- 

 yanes north of Luzon. Jar burial is practised 

 among the interior tribes of north Borneo. Cave 

 burial occurs in northeast Borneo. Jager wrote of 

 cave burials in the Bisayas and H. Ling Both dis- 

 cusses the subject quite thoroughly as relating to 

 north Borneo. 



The following table gives the measurements ob- 

 tained by the writer. They are subject to correc- 

 tion by a more experienced observer: 



As may be seen by the above tables, the skulls 

 were not of a uniform type, but ranged from doli- 

 chocephalic to braehycephalic. This corresponds 

 with results obtained by other observers in Ma- 

 laysia and serves to confirm what is known from 

 other sources, viz. : that the Filipinos, as all Ma- 

 layans, are very much of a mixture approximating 

 the Japanese, Mongolian and Negritos in certain 

 measurements. 



These skulls are quite similar to living types in 

 the neighborhood of their collection. Several of 

 the skulls have been artificially deformed evi- 

 dently by means of the ' ' tadal ' ' which was in use 

 among the Milanaus of the Bintula Eiver until 

 recently. Jager secured deformed skulls from 

 caves near Samar and Dr. Virehow measured and 

 discussed them. The area of deformation seems to 

 have included Sumatra (Rejang district), north 

 Borneo, Ulitea Island and a part of the Bisayan 

 group, especially Bohol and the Leyte-Samar dis- 

 trict. 



Bace in the Pacific Area with Special Reference to 

 the Origin of the American Indians: 1. Antiq- 

 uity of Occupation: George Grant MacCukdt. 

 The Pacific washes the shores of both the Old 

 World and the New; hence the Pacific area is a 

 large one. It is at least indirectly in connection 

 with the birthplace of man, for it is accessible 

 from all the great land masses. Whether the 

 American or Asiatic portion of this area was first 

 occupied by man is a question of wide interest. 

 An answer to this question would be of help in lo- 

 cating the spot, if indeed it was a single one, from 

 which man has spread over the face of the earth. 

 Physically man is a vertebrate and belongs to the 

 great class of so-called Mammalia. We may dif- 

 ferentiate still further and place man in one of the 

 Families composing the order of Primates, which 

 includes not only the Simiidse, but also the lemurs. 

 Eocene lemurs are found in both the western 

 (Puereo beds of North America) and eastern 

 hemispheres. The Simiidse, however, the family 

 most nearly approaching man in physical structure, 

 all belong to the Old World; the gorilla and ehim- 



