556 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XLII. No. 1086 



and now are grouped with Pennsylvania and 

 Cornell. 



The most notable change has been the in- 

 crease of advanced work in the state univer- 

 sities. As American students formerly went to 

 Germany for graduate work, so for a period of 

 years students from the central and western 

 states came to the privately endowed eastern 

 universities. They still do so, but the state 

 universities now provide men and equipment 

 making it possible to carry on research work 

 to advantage. Last year Michigan, Illinois, 

 California and Wisconsin each conferred over 

 twenty degrees as compared with an average 

 under five in the earlier period. Iowa, Ne- 

 braska and Indiana each conferred six degrees 

 this year. 



Of the 556 degrees 309 were in the natural 

 and exact sciences, which represents a relative 

 gain in them over the earlier period during 

 which they were responsible for less than half 

 of the degrees. Chemistry, as always, leads, 

 the 85 degrees being by far the largest number 

 conferred in any subject. Among the sci- 

 ences botany and geology ranked high this year 

 and appear to be the sciences making the most 

 rapid gains. Botany and zoology followed 

 chemistry and about equalled English and his- 

 tory. 



Of 79 degrees conferred by Chicago, 53 were 

 in the sciences; of 70 degrees conferred by 

 Columbia, 27 were in the sciences. At Colum- 

 bia and Pennsylvania 39 per cent, of all degrees 

 have been in the sciences, at Johns Hopkins it 

 has been 60 and at Cornell 70 per cent. 



The institutions which conferred two or 

 more degrees in a science are : chemistry, Co- 

 lumbia, 12; Johns Hopkins, 11; Chicago, 9; 

 Yale, 8; Harvard and Illinois, 6 each; Cali- 

 fornia, 5; Cornell and Pittsburgh, 4 each; 

 Michigan, 3; Iowa, Massachusetts Institute 

 of Technology, Minnesota, North Carolina, 

 Pennsylvania and Stanford, 2 each; in phys- 

 ics. Harvard, 5; Cornell, 4; Chicago, Clark 

 and Michigan, 3 each; California, Johns Hop- 

 kins, Pennsylvania, Princeton and Tale, 2 

 each; in zoology, Columbia, 5; Chicago and 

 Harvard, 4 each; California and Wisconsin, 

 3 each; George Washington, Illinois, Johns 

 Hopkins and Tale, 2 each; in hotany, Chi- 



cago, 8; Cornell, 7; Washington, 5; Cali- 

 fornia, Johns Hopkins and Pennsylvania, 3 

 each; Harvard, Illinois, Michigan and Ne- 

 braska, 2 each; in psychology, Clark, 7; Har- 

 vard, 4; Chicago, 3; Michigan, 2; in mathe- 

 matics, Chicago, 7; Harvard, 3; Columbia, 

 Cornell, Pennsylvania and Tale, 2 each; in 

 geology, Chicago, 8; Harvard, 4; Columbia, 

 Johns Hopkins and Wisconsin, 3 each; Indi- 

 ana and Tale, 2 each; in physiology. Tale, 3; 

 Chicago and Harvard, 2 each; in agriculture, 

 Cornell, 5; Illinois, 4; in astronomy, Chicago, 

 3; Michigan, 2; in bacteriology. Brown, 4; in 

 anthropology, Columbia, 3; Harvard, 2; in 

 anatomy, Minnesota, 2; in paleontology, Cali- 

 fornia, 2; in pathology, Chicago, 2; in geog- 

 raphy, Chicago, 3. 



TABLE I 



Doctorates Conferred 



Columbia 



Chicago 



Harvard 



Yale 



Johns Hopkins. 

 Pennsylvania . . 



Cornell 



Wisconsin 



New York 



Clark 



^Michigan 



Illinois 



California 



Boston 



Princeton 



Bryn Mawr. . . . 

 George Wash- 

 ington 



Brown 



Virginia 



Catholic 



Minnesota 



Stanford 



Iowa 



Nebraska 



Indiana 



RadcUfle 



Mass.Inst.Tech, 

 Washington. . . . 



Cincinnati 



Pittsburgh 



Missouri 



Ohio 



Vanderbilt 



Georgetown. . . . 

 N. Carolina. . . . 



Syracuse 



Colorado 



Northwestern. . 



Kansas 



Tufts 



Wash, and Lee. 



Lafayette 



Tulane 



Dartmouth . . . . 

 Lehigh 



Total 



835 

 788 

 709 

 590 

 636 

 458 

 452 

 258 

 183 

 180 

 158 

 122 

 120 

 118 

 111 



