October 29, 1915] 



SCIENCE 



621 



nucleus and cell body was revealed. A similar, 

 but less dense perinuclear arrangement of fibrils 

 was shown in nearly every case. Experiments with 

 vertebrates and arthropods gave somewhat similar 

 results, although the position of the cells and the 

 surrounding parts differ. Living tissues were ex- 

 amined as a check, and by comparison the reticu- 

 lar arrangements of fibrils between and in cells 

 were regarded as artifacts in most cases. Osmic 

 acid gave the least distortion of any single rea- 

 gent. 

 Observation on the Laws of the Correlation of 



Parts: J. C. Meeeiam, University of California 



(read by title). 

 Provision for the Study of the Anthropoid Apes: 



Robert M. Yeekes, Harvard University. 



It is doubtful whether there is any group of or- 

 ganisms of greater importance for biological study 

 than the Anthropoidea. Nevertheless, our igno- 

 rance of most representatives of this suborder is 

 more impressive than our knowledge. Of the 

 anatomy, histology, embryology we know much, 

 far from all; of the pathology, physiology and 

 behavior of the apes, baboons and monkeys we 

 know pitiably little : of their psychology and 

 sociology, even less. 



Surely it is high time to make provision for 

 the thorough biological study of those organisms 

 which are most similar to man and from whom, 

 therefore, experimental pathology, genetics, psy- 

 chology and the social sciences and technologies 

 may be expected to obtain information of im- 

 measurable theoretical and practical value. 



The need of an anthropoid station is obvious. I 

 know of only one attempt to provide facilities for 

 the study of the apes. That has been made by the 

 Germans in the Canary Islands. I have seen no 

 published reports of data or progress, but through 

 correspondence with the present worker, Dr. 

 Wolfgang Koehler, I learn that observations have 

 not been interrupted by the war. For reasons 

 which may not be stated within the limits of this 

 abstract, it seems wiser to establish an American 

 station rather than to cooperate with the Ger- 

 mans. 



There is abundant reason for supposing that the 

 apes may be kept in perfect health over long 

 periods and bred in Southern California. Hence 

 it seems desirable to establish a station there 

 rather than in the tropicsi where the conditions 

 are much less favorable for research. 



1 The possibilities of Borneo, Jamaica, Porto 

 Eieo and other tropical regions have been carefully 

 considered. 



The following plan is one which I hope may be 

 carried out: In a suitable locality in California 

 temporary provision might be made for the hous- 

 ing of sexually mature orang utans, chimpanzees 

 and gibbons during a three-year test of the possi- 

 bility of breeding. At the same time adolescent 

 apes — and monkeys — could be studied by the staff 

 of the station. Since my chief interest is in be- 

 havior and mind, I should wish first of all to ar- 

 range for the study of their instincts, ideational 

 behavior and social relations. Three years of con- 

 centrated effort should add vastly to our knowl- 

 edge of the behavior and psychology of the apes, 

 as well as settle the practically important question 

 of breeding. 



If the apes, as well as the monkeys, can be bred 

 satisfactorily in California, a permanent station 

 should be established at which the most diverse 

 aspects of the lives of the Anthropoidea (includ- 

 ing maa) might be studied. 



Studies on Eohinoderm Larvw (illustrated with 

 lantern slides) : Th. Mortensen, University Mu- 

 seum, Copenhagen, Denmark. 

 These researches were undertaken mainly with 

 the view of ascertaining whether there is any in- 

 terrelation between the shape and structure of the 

 larvK and the natural relationship of the grown 

 forms of the Eehinoderms. They were carried out 

 at the biological station at Misaki, Japan, in Aus- 

 tralia, New Zealand, the Hawaiian Islands, and 

 at the Biological Station, Nanaimo, B. C, during 

 the time from May, 1914, till now. 



In all the development of thirty-five different 

 forms, mostly Echinoids, has been studied more 

 or less completely. The results completely bear 

 out the conclusions that the larvffi are of consider- 

 able value for classification, so that in cases of 

 doubt about the systematic position of some form 

 or other, the larval characters may settle the ques- 

 tion; e. g., the genus Strongylocentrotus. Within 

 the regular Echinoids distinct family characters 

 are found in the larvae. Thus the larvse of the 

 family Echinidte have in their first stage the main 

 rod of their body skeleton elongated and more or 

 less club-shaped, while in the families Toxopneus- 

 tidoe and Echinometridce the body skeleton in the 

 first larval stage forms a sort of frame. In the 

 larvae of the Temnopleuridw the main rod of the 

 body skeleton is slightly elongated, with some 

 characteristic processes. Previously not a single 

 larva of any Temnopleurid or Echinometrid was 

 known; now the development of three Temno- 



