November 19, 1915] 



SCIENCE 



731 



Mathematical paradoxes are largely con- 

 nected with the squaring of the circle, the 

 ratio TT, the duplication of the cuhe, the tri- 

 section of the angle, and the number of the 

 beast; astronomical paradoxes are quite as fre- 

 quent, here, as the mathematical; religion, 

 philosophy and medicine, too, enter in for a 

 goodly share of attention. De Morgan had a 

 very live interest in the history of science, and 

 this interest finds frequent expression in the 

 " Budget." 



Not all the material, by any means, of these 

 interesting volumes is concerned vrith para- 

 doxes of the nonsense type. Le Verrier's planet 

 Neptune is presented with certain original 

 documents connected with the discovery; the 

 names of Herschel, royal astronomer, and 

 Briinnow, who was later director of the ob- 

 servatory at the University of Michigan, and 

 Challis of the Cambridge Observatory are indi- 

 cations of a paradox, " something contrary to 

 the current opinion " which was really revolu- 

 tionary. Historical material appears with 

 relative frequency, giving pleasant intervals 

 of relief from regarding the errors of mankind. 



Of particular interest are those notes which 

 De Morgan inserts about men and afPairs of 

 his own time. The liberal footnotes added 

 largely by Professor Smith, and occasionally 

 by De Morgan's wife or from De Morgan's 

 notes, contribute much to the modern reader's 

 pleasure in perusing the volumes. 



The " Budget," it need hardly be stated, was 

 not intended to be read as a romance, although 

 much of the material suggests that artistic 

 rambling which is so delightfully characteristic 

 of William De Morgan, the son of our mathe- 

 matician Augustus De Morgan. Rather these 

 are volumes to be read at odd moments, and al- 

 ways one will find profitable enjoyment. In 

 spite of the interest and amusement with which 

 we thumb the pages a feeling of sadness for the 

 human frailty comes over the reader. De 

 Morgan expresses this sentiment, too, in the 

 brief but pointed comment on the work of an 

 angle-trisector. After giving the title of the 

 work De Morgan continues with a quotation 

 of words from the author of the trisection, fol- 

 lowed by five words of comment : " ' The con- 



sequence of years of intense thought': very 

 likely, and very sad." 



The physical make-up of this edition is up 

 to the high standard which has been set by 

 other publications of the Open Court Com- 

 pany. In every way the reader who takes these 

 volumes in hand has pleasure in store; we 

 commend the works to all who take a kindly 

 interest not only in the greatness but equally 

 in the frailty of their fellows. 



Louis C. Karpinski 



Univeesity of Michigan 



Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. Re- 

 port on the Scientific Results of the Voyage 

 of the Scotia, during the Years 1902-Jf. 

 Vol. IV., Zoology. Parts II.-XX., Verte- 

 brates. Edinburgh, 1915. Pp. 505. 4to. 

 62 pi. 31 text-figures and 2 maps. 

 Before the voyage of the Scotia under the 

 leadership of Dr. Wm. S. Bruce there had not 

 been a deep-sea sounding taken south of S. 

 Latitude 40° in the Atlantic Ocean. The un- 

 inviting lands of the South Orlmeys, the South 

 Shetlands and South Georgia, were rarely 

 visited and relatively little known. As a direct 

 result of the Swedish and Scottish expeditions 

 in the Weddell Sea an extensive whale fishery 

 has been developed having its headquarters at 

 Leith. Now according to Dr. Bruce over a 

 thousand people live in South Georgia, and 

 during the summer months the South Orkneys 

 and South Shetlands are a hive of industry, 

 and altogether over five million dollars gross 

 annual revenue is now taken in those regions 

 previously regarded as worthless by business 

 men. 



Owing to the struggle in which the country 

 is engaged, money for the publication of the 

 scientific results could no longer be supplied 

 by the treasury ; and several of the reports were 

 consequently issued in scientific periodicals, 

 such as the Ihis and the Proceedings of the 

 Royal Physical Society; but by the generosity 

 of Sir Thomas Coats, the collaboration of the 

 Scottish Oceanographical Society, the Carnegie 

 Trust, the Royal Societies of Edinburgh and 

 London and other friends and organizations, 

 these and other papers are brought together in 



