SCIENCE 



Feidat, December 31, 1915 



CONTENTS 



The Address of the President of the Ameri- 

 can Association for the Advancement of 

 Science : — 



The Fruits, Prospects and Lessons of Be- 

 cent Biological Science: Dr. Chakles W. 

 Eliot 919 



The Bureau of Fisheries 930 



Appointments and Dismissals at the Univer- 

 sity of Pennsylvania 930 



The Pan-American Scientific Congress 931 



Scientific Notes and News 931 



University and Educational News 933 



Discussion and Correspondence: — 



A Galapagos Tortoise: Frank S. Daggett. 

 Two Partial-albino Birds: Wallace Craig. 

 Anopheles pseudopunctipennis : W. V. King. 933 



Scientific BooTcs: — 



Kraemer's Scientific and Applied Pharma- 

 cognosy: E. K. Eager 's Practical Oil Geol- 

 ogy: PRorEssoE Charles T. Kirk 935 



Special Articles: — 



The Selative Numbers of Bhizopods and 

 Flagellates in the Fauna of Soils: Pro- 

 fessor Charles A. Kopoid. The Native 

 Habitat of Spongospora Subterranea: G. 

 E. Lyman, J. T. Eogers. Color Effects of 

 Positive and of Cathode Bays in Besidual 

 Air, Sydrogen, Helium, etc.: Professor 

 Chas. T. Knipp 937 



The American Chemical Society: Dr. Charles 

 L. Parsons 943 



M3S. intended for publication »nd books, etc., intended for 

 reTiew should be sent to Professor J. McKeen Cattell, Girrison- 

 On-Hudson, N. Y. 



THE FBUITS, PBOSPECTS AND LESSONS OF 

 BECENT BIOLOGICAL SCIENCEt- 



The general welfare of mankind has been 

 wonderfully promoted during the past 150 

 years by the rapid progress of chemical, 

 physical, and biological science. In the 

 early third of that period, physics and chem- 

 istry and their applications seem to have 

 played the most active parts in promoting 

 human welfare, although pure botany and 

 zoology enlisted mamy devoted workers, 

 and made great advances; but during the 

 past 100 years it is biological science that 

 has contributed most to the weU-being of 

 humanity. The new methods of transpor- 

 tation and of manufacturing by the aid of 

 machinery with steam as motive power 

 were products of applied physics. So were 

 the great works of civil and mechanical 

 engineering. The improved agriculture of 

 the last half of the nineteenth century was 

 partly due to new tools and machinery, 

 and partly to new ajpplications of chemical 

 knowledge. Latterly biological science has 

 helped the farmer very much to raise bet- 

 ter crops and animals, and to protect his 

 products from vegetable and animal pests. 



While the industrial and social changes, 

 which applied physics and chemistry made 

 possible, unquestionably improved the 

 general condition of mankind as regards 

 bodily comfort, security against natural 

 catastrophes, longevity, and an increased 

 sense of mutual support and community 

 interest through the vast improvement in 

 the means of communication, these changes 



1 Address of the retiring president of the Amer- 

 ican Association for the Advancement of Science, 

 given at the Columbus meeting, December 27, 

 1915. 



