Fink: lichens of the northern boundary. 185 



the cedar swamps of the region will now be recorded and dis- 

 cussed in order. 



Calicium Lichen Formation of Old Logs and Stumps 

 in Cedar Swamps (Beaudette). 



Lecanora pallida (Schreb.) Schaer. 



Biatora turgidula (Fr.) Nyl. 



Calicium trichiale Ach. var. cinereum Nyl. 



Calicium phaeocephalum (Turn.) Turn, and Borr. 



Calicium parietinum Ach. 



Such formations were noted at a number of places and were 

 found to vary considerably. Yet there are always the Cali- 

 ciums and a number of them at one place. However, it is not 

 easy to distinguish several of the species macroscopically, and 

 one can not be at all certain that he has not collected the same 

 over and over and left some untouched, even after the most 

 careful work. The Cladonias listed in the formation from 

 Henning in the sixth paper of the present series did not, under 

 the cedars, seem to form an essential portion of the formation 

 and were omitted, though some were present and might be re- 

 garded as a basal stratum. As to adaptations, nothing need 

 be added to what was given in the last paper of this series. 



Several rare Biatoras were noted on the cedars, but so little 

 was known of them that their relation to the formation could 

 not be successfully studied at any one place. Also, the Calici- 

 ums of the upland woods were not successfully studied as atten- 

 tion was directed to the less well known and better developed 

 formations of the cedar swamps. There is no doubt that at 

 least the Calicei formation of deadzvood, worked out in the fifth 

 and sixth reports, exists in the region, but no satisfactory results 

 were obtained. 



The last formation of the cedar swamps was studied previ- 

 ously at Bemidji and several other localities in tamarack swamps 

 and has received the following name, though subsequent study 

 makes the variety on which it is based somewhat uncertain, and 

 the work in the area now under consideration shows this variety 

 to be more rare than was previously supposed. 



Peltigera canina leucorrhiza Lichen Formation of 

 Earth in Cedar Swamps (Oak Island). 



Peltigera canina (L.) Hoffm. 



Peltigera canina (L.) Hoffm. var. leucorrhiza Flk. 



