28 THECUBAREVIEW 



that came from Holland ; and there was wine from France. It will be seen that a large 

 part of the world had been drawn upon in making that dinner possible. It was largely 

 the same with their clothing and household goods. 



Fruits of all kinds can be grown in all parts of the island. 



Citrus Fruits Profits ^^^ Americans are going into the growing of citrus fruits 



o II quite extensively. If the success of this industry in Cuba 



can be safely judged by the history of the industry in other 



countries, there will be small profit in it for anyone. More 



people have lost money, or gone broke entirely, in growing citrus fruits than in any 



other product ever produced from the soil. These fruits will make one very good money 



for two or three years, then lose even more for the following few years. These fruits 



can be grown to perfection in Cuba. He who has never eaten an orange or grape fruit 



grown in Cuba, can scarcely say that he knows what good fruit of this kind is. Whether 



or not it will prove more profitable in Cuba than it has in other countries remains 



to be seen. 



Another subject of interest to farmers in any country, is 

 r^ J u/ i PI 4'f 1 water. No country can be better watered, nor have better 

 L,ood Water 1 tentijul ^^^^^ ^^^^ (-^^^ B^^ ^^^^er cannot be found in Cuba on 



any farm. This good water can be had in quantity at twenty 

 to seventy feet, in most places from twenty to forty feet, except where the co.untry rock 

 has been folded, or badly misplaced. There are so few such places that one does not 

 need to take them into his calculations in an article such as this. I found one well in 

 Pinar del Rio with a depth of 74 feet, but this was in a section of the country that had 

 been badly disturbed by eruptions. 



In addition to good well water at an easy depth, there are thousands of springs and 

 many spring creeks. In every province these spring creeks abound everywhere, and there 

 are several rivers of considerable size in Cuba. 



In no one thing was I more surprised than in the geology 

 P I f r U °^ Cuba. It is quite generally understood, and most of the 



(neology of L,uba literature on the subject so states, that Cuba was for the 

 most part of coral formation. The facts in the case are that 

 Cuba can scarcely be said to be coral at all. It has also been often stated that Cuba 

 was land but recently formed, but as a m.atter of fact, geologically speaking, Cuba is 

 very old. This is seen throughout the central elevation in the many craters of ancient 

 volcanos, so old that the crater rims have been worn down to the level of the surround- 

 ing country. In the very best agricultural sections of Cuba, and on many of the best 

 farms, these ancient craters are to be seen. On the Espanoza farm near Santo Domingo, 

 very many of these craters or "blowouts" are to be seen, and yet they cause little or no 

 loss of land by reason of their age, most of them being worn down to the level of the 

 surrounding soil. Tliis is true of all of the western one-third of Cuba, although evi- 

 dences of quite recent eruptions are to be seen in many places. 



Along the coast in this section of Cuba may be seen some coral in the common rock 

 of the country, but with it one always finds lava, porphyry, phonolite, magnesium or 

 chalk stone, and limestone. The latter in the form of pure marble is seen on the Isle of 

 Pines. This district, with reference to formation, includes Pinar del Rio, Havana, Ma- 

 tanzas and western Santa Clara Provinces. Granite is not seen in this district, only as 

 it has been thrown out of place by eruptions occurring at different ages, except in one 

 part of the Isle of Pines and in one small district of Pinas del Rio Province. 



From central Santa Clara Province east throughout all of Camaguey and Oriente 

 Provinces, the prevailing country rock is granite. It is in this formation that the mineral 

 of the island is fornd. Only in a few places in Cuba has any folding or faulting of the 

 granite taken place, and wherever this has occurred, some kind of valuable mineral is 

 found deposited. 



The most noticeal)le places in this folding of the primitive rock, is along the north 

 coast of Orientes, and on the south coast of this same province from Guantanamo bay. 

 southwest, some 150 miles. In these two ranges of granite folding and faulting the 

 profitable mining of the island is now being done, iron m the north and at Daiquiri in 

 the south, while copper is very profitably mined at El Cobre, a little to the west of the 

 city of Santiago. The possibilities of copper production in all of the Sierra Maestra 

 range of foldings, of which El Cobre is a part, is but little known. Some of this country 

 has never been thoroughly explored. Throughout this range mineral bearmg quartz, 

 quartzite, porphyry, azurite and galena ore can be found at the surface, and contaming 

 gold, silver, copper and lead. East of Santiago and on the north coast, iron is seen m 

 the form of pyrites, manganese, carbonates and hemotite. 



On the south coast of Cuba in Santa Clara and Camaguey Provmces is a narrow belt 

 of low, marshy land. Tlus land once occupied a higher level than at present, late erup- 



