114 MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. 



2. Tympanis pinastri Tul. Sel. Fung. Carp. 3: 151. t. 19. fig. 10-12. 

 1865. 



Solitary or gregarious and caespitose, several springing from a 

 common stroma, erumpent, subsessile, leathery and tough when 

 moist, hard and horny when dry, closed at first becoming expanded 

 with a prominent margin, entire, black, shining all over, 1-1.5 mm. 

 high and wide ; hymenium, shining black , even ; exterior glabrous ; 

 ascus cylindrical thick-walled, 9-10 mic. wide; spores innumerable, 

 minute, continuous, hyaline ; paraphyses slender, septate, very slight- 

 ly thickened at brownish-yellow apex, forming epithecium. 



(3n fallen log of Abies balsamea; Cook, Aug. 1903, Freeman & 

 Ballard 171. 



Exsiccati : New Foundland Fungi. 96 {Tympa)iis lariciiia (Fckl.) 

 Sacc). Plates: Tulasne, Sel. Fung. Carp. 3. pi. 19. fig. 10-12. 



6. URNULA FRIES. 



Cups generally solitary, leathery, tough, large, stipitate, urn- 

 shaped, closed at first opening by a round or irregular opening, when 

 old turning back and somewhat star-like, black ; exterior brownish- 

 black, furfuraceous or coarsely scurvy to tomentose with short, 

 black hairs ; spores elliptical, smooth, hyaline, continuous. 



I. Urnula craterium (Schw.) Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. 364. 1849. 

 (Plate XVI.) 



Pcziza tiirbiiiafa Nees, Syst. Pilze. tab. 37. fig. 277. 1816. 



Peziza craterium Schwein. Syn. Fung. Carol. 117. tab. i. fig. 7-1 1. 

 1822. 



Urnula microcrater Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8: 549. 1889. 



Large leathery fungus, yy cm. wide and 8 cm. high, dark brown- 

 ish-black, caespitose or solitary, usually long-stipitate, thick, tough, 

 urn-shaped, first closed, hollow, opening gradually by an irregular, 

 circular or stellate orifice leaving the margin notched and involute, 

 often splitting into several rays when old, becoming flattened, almost 

 repand, others retain urn-shape until past maturity or decay ; hyme- 

 nium jet-black to brown black, even, smooth, deeply concave ; exte- 

 rior brownish-black to greenish-black, furfuraceous or coarsely scur- 

 vy to tomentose with minute black hairs ; stipe long to short, thick, 

 plicate and covered with the minute black hairs ; some are almost 

 sessile with base plicate to form thick point of attachment ; spores 

 elliptical, obtuse, eguttulate, granular, smooth, hyaline, continuous, 

 uniseriate, 25-30x10-12 mic; paraphyses slender, slightly clavate, 

 brown at apex, septate, not forming an epithecium in mature state ; 



