350 MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES 



work together to make conditions suitable for the invasion of grasses 

 and other herbaceous phmts. 



Consocies : This associes shows no dominance of any single 

 species of plants nor even of a few species. Various species of 

 grasses and herbs are to be found, but these are either scattered or 

 a given species may show dominance over a very small area. i. e.. by 

 aggregation, it may form a family. 



The following are the more representative plants of this stage : 



Agrosfis hiemalis Ilciicluva anuvicona 



Arabis hirsiita Hicrac'uiin umbcUaium 



Capnoidcs scnipcrvircns Houstonia purpurea 



Carcx caiicsccns MnJiloibcrgia inexicana 

 Cliaiitaciicrio>i augustifoUiim Paiilcuui .\-a]ifiiophxsi(ni 



DicrviUa loiiiccra Sibbaldia procitmbciis 



Eiithaniia graminifolia Solidago sp. 



Polypodium viilgarc and Dryopicris tJiclyptcris are found some- 

 times, especially in crevices. A large number of other plants might 

 be named, since nearly all the plants of the region may grow in 

 crevices and in pockets filled with soil. 



(4) Juiiipcriis Associes 



The presence of the herbaceous associes, being usually poorly 

 developed, does not have anv evident reaction on the habitat in mak- 

 ing it more favorable for the incoming of shrubs. However, clumps 

 of grass and herbs might be of some value in protecting the young 

 seedlings of shrubs from the intense light and heat of the sun, and 

 thereby enable them to obtain a footing. 



Consocies : Jnniperns communis and Sabina horizontalis are the 

 only dominants of this associes. Of these /. communis is the more 

 abundant, often covering considerable areas. 



Secondary species: Taxus minor occurs, but only occasionally. 

 Many small deciduous shrubs are to be found also, the following 

 being the most abundant : 



Coryhis amcricana Symphoricarpos raccmosus 



DicrviUa huiccra Vaccinium canadcnsc 



Rhus rvdbcrgii Vaccinium pennsyhanicum 



Rosa ivoodsii 



