SCIENCE 



Feiday, August 4, 1911 

 contents 



The Sco-ge of Protozoology: PRorEssoE Gary 

 N. Calkins 129 



Synthetio Metals from Non-metallic Ele- 

 ments : Professor Herbert N. McCoy . . . 138 



William Sussell Dudley: President David 

 Starr Jordan 142 



Professor Whitman's Collection of Pigeons . 145 



Scientific Notes and News 146 



University and Educational News 149 



Diseussion and Correspondence : — 



The Air we breathe in Buildings : M. Mott- 

 Smith. The Moisture in the Air we 

 breathe: Professor Wilford M. Wilson. 

 A Variant in the Periodical Cicada: Dr. 

 Boss AlTKEN Gortner_ 150 



Quotations: — 



Tripped by Med Tape; Doctor Wiley .... 153 



Scientific Boohs: — 

 Sann's Handbuch der Klimatologie : De. 

 Cleveland Abbe. Besultats du voyage du 

 S. T. Belgica, The Subaniarctic Islands of 

 New Zealand: Dr. W. H. Dall 155 



Annual International Tables of Physical and 

 Chemical Constants: Professors G. N. 

 Lewis, G. F. Hull, J. Stieglitz 158 



Special Articles: — 



Chemistry of the Silver Voltameter : A. S. 

 McDaniel 159 



MSS. intended for publication and books, etc., intended for 

 j«7iew should be sent to the Editor of Science, Garrison-on- 

 Hudson. N. Y. 



THE SCOPE OF PBOTOZOOLOGY^ 

 Twenty-one years ago when I first be- 

 gan the study of protozoa, biologists in 

 general were inclined to look upon these 

 animals mainly as a means of entertaining 

 amateur microscopists in their idle hours. 

 Since then the subject has developed in 

 widely different directions and protozoa 

 have found a place in the deeper problems 

 of biology ; indeed, they are considered im- 

 portant enough to warrant the establish- 

 ment of several chairs of protozoology in 

 different parts of the world. 



I am frequently asked to tell what pro- 

 tozoology is, and occasionally find diffi- 

 culty in correcting the impression that a 

 protozoologist is a primitive and unde- 

 veloped zoologist; but difficult as this 

 sometimes is, I find even greater difficulty 

 in giving an adequate idea of the scope of 

 protozoology. I have chosen, therefore, as 

 the subject of this lecture, this very gen- 

 eral topic. In it I have no pet hypothesis 

 to develop, nor scientific nut to crack, but 

 desire only to point out the nature of the 

 work done in protozoology as a basis for a 

 definition of its scope. 



Up to 1890 the work on protozoa was 

 largely descriptive. The first discoveries 

 by Leeuwenhoek in 1675 gave a new lease 

 of life to the theory of spontaneous genera- 

 tion which had received some hard knocks 

 through the direct experiments of Redi, 

 Malpighi and Harvey. The new discover- 

 ies with the microscope merely added fuel 

 to the fire of the later nature philosophers, 

 which, however, mostly went up as smoke 

 theories, such as that of organic transmi- 



' Lecture delivered at the Marine Biological 

 Laboratory, June 80, 1911. 



