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SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXXIV. No. 



world. Prom 1829 to and including the first 

 year of the present century Pennsylvania con- 

 tributed over 50 per cent, of the total coal 

 production of the United States and still 

 produces between 45 and 50 per cent, of the 

 total. The industry, particularly in the bi- 

 tuminous districts, has kept pace with the 

 manufacturing industries and has increased 

 in considerably larger ratio than the popula- 

 tion of the state and of the United States as 

 a whole. 



Anthracite mining began in Pennsylvania 

 in 1814, when 20 long tons were produced for 

 local consumption. The year 1820 is, how- 

 ■ever, usually considered to mark the begin- 

 ning of the anthracite industry, as in that 

 :year 365 long tons were shipped from the 

 anthracite region. From 1814 to the close of 

 1910 the total production of anthracite had 

 amounted to 1,946,717,383 long tons, or 2,180,- 

 323,469 short tons. 



The first records of bituminous-coal pro- 

 duction in Pennsylvania are for the year 

 1840, when 464,826 short tons were mined. 

 The total output of bituminous coal from 

 1840 to the close of 1910 has amounted to 

 2,251,737,097 short tons, from which it ap- 

 pears that the total production of anthracite 

 and of bituminous coal in Pennsylvania has 

 been nearly equal. At the close of 1908 the 

 total production of anthracite from the 

 earliest times to the close of that year had ex- 

 ceeded the total bituminous production by 

 approximately 51,000,000 tons. As, however, 

 the production of bituminous coal in 1909 

 and 1910 exceeded that of anthracite by more 

 than 122,000,000 short tons, the total produc- 

 tion of bituminous coal now exceeds that of 

 anthracite. 



TKE MEMORIAL TO ANTON DOHBN 

 At a meeting of the International Zoolog- 

 ical Congress held at Graz in August, 1910, a 

 plan was initiated to establish a memorial to 

 the late Professor Dohrn, the founder and 

 director of the Zoological Station at Naples. 

 It may be doubted whether any other single 

 institution has equaled this one in its con- 

 tributions to the progress of biology in the 



past thirty years. To its development Dohrn 

 devoted the whole energy of a singularly force- 

 ful and many-sided personality, laboring in- 

 cessantly to keep the station fully abreast of 

 modern progress, to enlarge its scope and to 

 improve its equipment and methods, until it 

 stood among the foremost of biological labora- 

 tories. It long since became a gathering 

 place for investigators from many countries, 

 and the influence that these men carried with 

 them to their own institutions of learning 

 made the Naples Zoological Station a potent 

 force in the progress of biological science 

 throughout the world. 



Dohrn's far-reaching influence upon biology 

 was due as much to his rare personal qualities 

 as to his scientific work. He took a keen in- 

 terest in the work of other investigators, even 

 in fields far removed from his own, and was 

 always ready with encouragement, particularly 

 to younger men. Those who had the good 

 fortune to come under his kindly and stimu- 

 lating influence will not forget the debt they 

 owe him. Beyond all this, the versatility of 

 his human interests and his genius for friend- 

 ship made him the center of an ever-widening 

 circle that knew no limits of occupation or of 

 nationality, and he was a force in the life of 

 his time that is not to be measured by tech- 

 nical achievement alone but by a higher 

 standard. 



At the Zoological Congress it was proposed 

 to establish a memorial of Dohrn's life and 

 work, to include (1) a bronze portrait relief, 

 to be erected in the laboratory at Naples, and 

 (2) an endowment fund to aid in carrying on 

 the steadily expanding work of the station. 

 It is fortunate for the first of these aims that 

 Dohrn had given sittings shortly before his 

 death to the eminent sculptor Hildebrand, of 

 Munich, who has executed a beautiful work of 

 art that is well worthy of the present purpose. 

 The need of additional funds for the station, 

 as a result of the constant expansion of its 

 work, was a subject of much concern to Dohrn 

 in the latter part of his life. Those who knew 

 him best feel sure that no form of memorial, 

 could he have foreseen it, would have been 



