NOTEMBEE 24, 1911] 



SCIENCE 



711 



ated on a mesa rising 1,800 feet above Jemez 

 Eiver. 



The United States produced 255,534 long 

 tons of sulphur in 1910, valued at $4,605,112, 

 according to figures compiled by Mr. W. C. 

 Phalen, of the U. S. Geological Survey, and 

 published as an advance chapter from " Min- 

 eral Resources." This is an increase of 16,222 

 tons in quantity and $173,046 in value over 

 the output for 1909. The sulphur industry in 

 this country is substantially an American one, 

 for the imports for 1910 were valued at only 

 $558,611, while the exports amounted to $552,- 

 941. Four states — Louisiana, Nevada, Utah 

 and Wyoming — produced practically all of our 

 sulphur. Mr. Phalen discussed the geologic 

 occurrence and technology of sulphur in the 

 1909 chapter of " Mineral Resources." In the 

 chapter for 1910 he gives a detailed account 

 of the important foreign sulphur deposits — 

 those of Italy, Japan and other countries. 

 The report also contains the statistics of pro- 

 duction of pyrite in the United States, which 

 in 1910 amounted to 238,154 long tons, valued 

 at $958,608. The imports of this mineral 

 were largely in excess of the domestic produc- 

 tion, being 803,551 long tons in 1910, valued 

 at $2,748,647. 



A Manual of Philippine Silk Culture by 

 Charles S. Banks, recently published by the 

 Bureau of Science of the Government of the 

 Philippine Islands, Manila, is based upon six 

 years experimental work with the mulberry 

 and other races of silkworms. The mulberry 

 silkworm, a normally monovoltine species, has 

 been caused to produce 8 to 9 generations a 

 year of healthy, robust caterpillars from a 

 stock imported from Ceylon where it had 

 normally produced 6 to 7 generations. Hy- 

 bridization of Bengal-Ceylon polyvoltine silk- 

 worms which produce yellow cocoons and 

 Japanese monovoltine silkworms which pro- 

 duce white ones, resulted in the Philippines, 

 in 2 races of silkworms producing white poly- 

 voltine cocoons. One industrial school lo- 

 cated at Batac, Uocos Norte, has already 

 taken up silk culture with its Filipino stu- 

 dents with excellent success, and it is planned 



to start other centers throughout the Islands. 

 At present there is no commercial production 

 of silk in the Philippines, but Mr. Banks's 

 work demonstrates that a large new industry 

 is feasible. The manual contains minute 

 directions covering the care and propagation 

 of both mulberry and eri silkworms, diagrams 

 of houses and reels and is copiously illus- 

 trated. 



It is stated in the Journal ai the American 

 Medical Association that a Pasteur Institute 

 has just been established at Algiers, the tech- 

 nical and administrative direction of which is 

 undertaken by the Pasteur Institute of Paris. 

 This direction has been entrusted to Dr. Chal- 

 mette. The scientific make-up of the new insti- 

 tute comprises a service for rabies, a service of 

 bacteriology applied to medicine, an antima- 

 larial service, a service of agricultural micro- 

 biology and a veterinary service. The site on 

 which the new buildings are being constructed 

 covers an area of about 2J acres, in one of the 

 most beautiful spots in the suburbs of Algiers. 

 The architecture of all the buildings is of the 

 simplest, without any costly decoration, and 

 the details of the interior arrangement have 

 been carefully studied so that the expense of 

 the undertaking may be reduced to a mini- 

 mum, and also with an eye to furnishing all 

 the desirable conveniences for future workers 

 in the laboratories. Thoroughly equipped lab- 

 oratories are close at hand to each service. 

 Daylight is plentiful everywhere, and the 

 grouping of the laboratories on the northeast 

 side of the building prevents the sunlight 

 from being an annoyance in the microscopic 

 work. One interesting detail is that all the 

 outside openings are covered with brass wire 

 netting, and each door is protected on the in- 

 side by a screened vestibule, so as to make it 

 impossible for any fly or mosquito or other 

 winged insect to get inside. 



The mineral tungsten (the name meaning 

 heavy stone) has been known for many years, 

 but only comparatively recently has it be- 

 come of economic importance. The most im- 

 portant use, according to Frank L. Hess, of 

 the United States Geological Survey, and the 



