Deoembee 22, 1911] 



SCIENCE 



883 



subject, Mind; it involves a synthesis of a 

 number of sense-data according to laws that 

 are not deducible from the nature of the ex- 

 ternal objects, or of the physiological actions 

 of the end-organs and central organs of 

 sense" (p. 468). 



On the affective side, the authors hold to an 

 " almost infinite variety of, not only our com- 

 plex feelings, emotions and sentiments, but 

 also of those " simpler feelings which have 

 hitherto resisted analysis. Pleasantness and 

 unpleasantness are regarded as merely the 

 "tone" of feeling (p. 515). The esthetic feel- 

 ings are treated at considerable length, while 

 the moral feelings are only briefly mentioned. 

 The chapter on memory gives the classic re- 

 sults on learning and includes a reference to 

 Freud's new method of psychoanalysis for 

 bringing submerged complexes to the sur- 

 face (p. 586). The behavior of animals in 

 learning mazes, etc., is described, and curves 

 of human learning and forgetting are repro- 

 duced. The mechanism of thought is the 

 subject of the last chapter in this part. 



Part III., as in the earlier edition, takes a 

 frankly dualistic attitude. " The two exist- 

 ences, body and mind, may not be identified 

 by the science which investigates their corre- 

 lations. . . . They are, however, dependently 

 connected. Each stands in causal relations to 

 the other; although this dependence appears 

 to be by no means complete" (p. 653). 



One can scarcely overestimate the labor in- 

 volved in reconstructing such a work as this, 

 written before the neurone theory was formu- 

 lated, or the evolution of the brain worked 

 out. The revision has been thorough, how- 

 ever, and the " Elements " becomes once more 

 a standard reference-book for the experi- 

 mental psychologist. 



Howard C. Warren 



Princeton University 



A Text-hooJc of Physiological Chemistry. By 

 Olof Hammarsten, Emeritus Professor of 

 Medical and Physiological Chemistry in the 

 University of Upsala. Translation from 

 revised seventh German edition by John A. 

 Mandel, Sc.D., Professor of Chemistry in 



the New York University and Bellevue 



Hospital Medical College. Sixth American 



edition. New York, John Wiley & Sons. 



1911. 8vo. Pp. viii + 964. Cloth, $4.00 



net. 



No familiar text-book of physiological 

 chemistry published in recent times presents 

 the interrelations between chemistry and 

 physiology, between organic structure and 

 function, in the effective way that Professor 

 Hammarsten has followed through many edi- 

 tions. To the organic chemist a presentation 

 like that of Rohmann's " Biochemie " may 

 appeal because of its distinctively chemical 

 viewpoint; but to the biologist and physician 

 who are interested above all in the activities 

 of living organisms, the emphasis upon func- 

 tion rather than composition is more accept- 

 able and inspiring. 



While others have compiled in cyclopedic 

 handbooks of considerable magnitude the in- 

 dividual chapters of biochemistry prepared by 

 diverse eminent contributors, Professor Ham- 

 marsten has continued to retain that compre- 

 hensive grasp upon the literature of this sub- 

 ject which has enabled him to condense into a 

 single volume the essential facts of the sci- 

 ence. To say that most workers in this field 

 still turn to Hammarsten's " Text-book " as 

 the readiest exponent of both the permanent 

 acquisitions and tentative ideas in chemical 

 physiology, is to pay a just tribute to its 

 author's useful contribution as an educator. 



There are signs of the expansion of the 

 details of the science beyond the grasp of one 

 individual. For the first time, a chapter 

 (Physical Chemistry in Biology, by Professor 

 S. G. Hedin, of Upsala) has been prepared by 

 a collaborator. It is a readable presentation 

 of topics — such as osmotic pressure, colloids, 

 catalysis, enzymes, ions and salt action, in 

 their physicochemical bearings — which are not 

 always offered to the untrained appetite in a 

 palatable form. 



Without referring in detail to a book of 

 which the essential features must be familiar 

 to many, the reviewer ventures the opinion 

 that the excellent chapter on metabolism is 



