48 SCIRPUS. [class III. ORDER I. 



GENUS IX. SCIR'PUS. Club-rush. 



Nat. Ord. Cy'perace^. 



Gen. Char. Glumes of one valve, imbricated on all sides, the outer 

 ones sometimes barren. Bristles sometimes wanting. Style sim- 

 ple, deciduous. Fruit terminating in a mucro. — Name of doubt- 

 ful origin. According to Tbeis, it is ffbm Cirs, in Celtic, which 

 makes C'ors in the plural, — whence chorda in Latin, and cord in 

 English; the stems having been formerly emi^loyed for the pur- 

 pose of making cords, as those of Schcenus. 



1. >S'. lacus'tris, (Fig. 68.) Lake Club-rush, or Bull-rush. Spikelets 

 ovate, in compound lateral umbels, stem round, smooth, without 

 or but few leaves at the base. 

 English Botany, t. 666.— English Flora, vol. i. p.' 56. — Lindley, Sy- 

 nopsis, p. 281. — Hooker, British Flora, vol. i. p. 27. 



/3. glau'cus, smaller, glaucous, umbels more compact, less compound, 

 Hooker, Flora Scot. vol. i. p. 18. — Seir'jms glau'cus, English Botany, 

 t. 2312.— English Flora, vol. i. p. 58. 



Roofs long, as well as the thick submerged stems, which frequently 

 sprea^l a considerable distance under water. Ston three, six or eifrht 

 feet high, erect, simple, smooth, and terminating above the inflorescei.vi.- 

 in a long triangular point, naked, except at the base, which is sur- 

 rounded with pale sheaths, sometimes terminating in a short leafy 

 expansion. Umbels very variable in size, and in the number of the 

 spikelets, universal involucre variable, of a few thin membranous 

 bracteas, the partial ones much smaller and shorter. Pedicels of the par- 

 tial umbels compressed or three-cornered, rough at the edges, of various 

 lengths. Sjnhelets ovate, sometimes nearly sessile. Glumes ovate, 

 fringed, of a rusty brown colour, frequently notched at the end, keel 

 terminating in a point. Stamens equal in length to the two or three- 

 cleft stigma. Fruit obovate, flat on one side, convex on the other. 

 Bristles from four to six. The glumes of j5. glau'cus are generally less 

 fringed and dotted with purplish-coloured spots, but these vary as well 

 as other characters, so as to render its specific distinction untenable, 

 notwithstanding the high authority of Sir .J. E. Smith, who states it to 

 be " a very distinct species." 



Habitat. — In clear drains, ditches, and margins of lakes ; common. 

 — 13. In similar situations, but not so common. 



Perennial ; flowering in July and August. 



The stems, under the name of Rushes, are used to a considerable 

 extent for a variety of domestic purposes, such as thatching for cottages, 

 matting for floors, but most extensively in the manufacturing of rush- 

 bottomed chairs, and by coopers for making tight the spaces between 

 the staves of casks, &c. They, as well as other of the Scirpuses, are 

 eaten with avidity by cattle. 



