1018 HYPOCHERIS. [CLASS XIX. ORDER Tf. f 
involucrum oblong, equally imbrieated; fruit in the centre, with a 
long beak, those on the circumference without a beak. 
English Botany, t. 575.—English Flora, vol. iii. p 376.—Hooker, 
British Flora, ed. 4. vol. i. p. 290.—Lindley, Synopsis, p. 161. 
Root tapering. Stems numerous, hollow, nearly smooth, simple, 
or mostly branched, wavy, erect or spreading, from six to twenty 
inches long, bearing one or two somewhat scaly leaves. Radical 
leaves numerous, oblong, or tongue-shaped, more or less deeply 
toothed, or slightly sinuated, smooth or hairy, sometimes fringed on 
the margin. Flowers solitary, heads terminating the stem and 
branches, small, bright yellow. Jnvolucre scales lanceolate, smooth, 
regularly imbricated, a pale glaucous green, tinged with pink. fe- 
ceptacle with lanceolate paleaceous scales, thin, membranous, as long 
as the fruit, deciduons. J’ruit slender, finely striated and roughish, . 
the central ones tapering into a long beak, those of the circumference 
without a beak. Pappus feathery. 
Habitat —Fields in a light soil in various parts of the country, but 
nowhere very common. 
Annual; flowering in July and August. 
This is an extremely variable plant in size and luxuriance, and is 
smooth or hairy, according as it is grown in dry or moist situations. 
When the stem is broken, there issues from its ends a bitter tasted 
milky fluid. 
2. H. radica'ta, Linn (Fig. 1191) Long rooted Cat’s-ear. Stem 
branched, smooth, and leafless; peduncles with small scales; root 
leaves obtuse, runcinate, rough ; fruit all with long beaks. 
English Botany, t. 831—English Flora, vol. ii. p. 377—Hooker, 
British Flora, ed. 4. vol. i. p. 290.—Achyrophorus radicatus, Seop.— 
Lindley, Synopsis, p. 161. 
Root very long, tapering, and fibrous. Stems several, simple or 
branched, spreading, round, hollow, striated, smooth, or sometimes 
hairy at the base, leafless, somewhat glaucous at the base of each 
branch, and scattered upon the peduncle, are small lanceolate scales. 
Leaves all radical, spreading close to the ground, oblong, blunt, 
runcinate, rongh, with rigid hairs, dark green above, pale and 
glaucous beneath. Flowers large solitary heads, terminating the 
stems and branches. Jnvolucre scales lanceolate, purplish, rough on 
the keel, with rigid bristles, and fringed at the points with soft down. 
Florets bright yellow, spreading, strap-shaped, toothed at the ex- 
tremity. Receptacle with thin membranous awl-shaped scales. 
Fruit angular, striated, rough, all tapering into a beak. Pappus 
feathery. 
Habitat—Meadows, pastures, and road sides ; frequent. 
Perennial ; flowering in July. 
3. H. macula'ta, Linn. (Fig. 1192.) Spotted Cat's.ear. “Stem one 
to three flowered, nearly leafless, hairy; scales of involucre rough, 
