1020 TRAGOPOGGN. [CLASS XIX. ORDER 1. 
pointed, as long or rather longer than the florets. J’rwit when ripe 
and expanded a large handsome elegant feathery ball, the seed 
linear, curved, striated and rough, with elevated tubercles, light 
brown, tapering into a slender awn as long as itself, and crowned by 
its elegant ring of long slender branches of feathery pappus. 
Habitat. —Meadows and pastures. 
Biennial ; flowering in June. 
The cylindrical peduncles readily distinguish this from the other 
species; sometimes specimens are found with the peduncles some- 
what thickened beneath the flower, and the calyx segments rather 
longer than the florets: it is then the 7. major, Jacq. The leaves are 
also sometimes waved on the margin, contorted, in which state it is 
the 7. undulatum, Jacq., T. revolutus, Schw. From the remarkable 
circumstance of the flowers closing at or before noon, however fine 
and cloudless the day may be, it has obtained the name amongst the 
country people of Jack go to Bed at Noon. 
2. T. porrifo'lius, Linn. (Fig. 1194) Purple Goat’s-beard, or 
Salsafy. Peduncles swollen upwards in a club-shaped manner ; 
involucre segments longer than the florets; leaves channeled, with a 
long straight slender tapering point; fruit striated and tuberculated 
on the margins, sborter than the slender tapering beak. 
English Botany, t. 638.—English Flora, vol. iii. p. 338.—Hooker, 
British Flora, ed. 4. vol. i. p. 288. 
Root long, tapering, fleshy, abounding in a milky juice, the whole 
plant smooth, of a glaucous green. Stem erect, branched, from three 
to four feet high. Leaves dilated at the base, erect, with a long 
slerder tapering point, channeled, ribbed. Peduncles long, dilated 
beneath the flower into a club-shaped form, and hollow. Flowers 
terminal, a deep dull purple, expanding early in the morning, and 
closing before noon. Jnvolucre segments about eight, narrow lanceo- 
late, smooth, much longer than the florets. Florets strap-shaped, 
obtuse, and toothed at the end. Anthers daxk purple. Fruit oblong, 
tapering at each end, curved, striated, and rough, with tuberculated 
points, shorter than its long slender tapering beak, which is crowned 
with a whorl of long slender feathery branched pappus. 
Habitat.—Moist meadows and banks of rivers in various parts of 
England ; about Glasgow, Scotland. 
Perennial; flowering in May and June. 
This is a doubtful native species, having probably become na- 
turalized by its escape from gardens, where it was formerly much 
cultivated for its long fleshy roots, which were highly valued as a 
culinary vegetable. They have a mild sweet flavour, somewhat re- 
sembling asparagus, and used also as carrots or turnips. TZ. pratensis 
was also cultivated for the same purpose, though they are now seldom 
or never found in English gardens ; but in France, Germany, and 
