CLASS XIX. ORDER I. ] APARGIA. 1023 
drooping in the bud, and sometimes bearing one or two bracteated 
scales. Jnvolucre of numerous linear scales, the outer ones small 
and spreading, the inner erect, all almost black, downy and rough, 
with white rigid bristles. Flowers bright yellow, about an inch and 
half across. Jlorets strap-shaped, obtuse at the end, and finely 
toothed. Fruit linear, gradually tapering upwards. Pappus per- 
sistent, of numerous equal feathery rays, dilated at the base, some- 
times there are a few short rays mixed with the longer ones. 
Habitat—Meadows and pastures ; frequent. 
Perennial ; flowering in July. 
2. A. autumna'lis, Willd. (Fig. 1198.) Autumnal Hawkbit. Root 
abrupt ; stem branched, many flowered; peduncles scaly, thickened 
upwards ; involucre scales downy; leaves lanceolate, pinnatifid or 
toothed, smooth or hairy; fruit striated and rough; rays of the 
pappus dilated at the base. 
English Flora, vol. ii. p. 353.—Hooker, British Flora, ed. 4. vol. i. 
p. 289.—Oporina, Don.—Lindley, Synopsis, p. 162.—Hedypnois, 
Hudson.—English Botany, t. 830.—Zeontodon autumnalis, Linn. 
8. pratensis. Involucre and upper part of the peduncles clothed 
with blackish hairs, 
Hedypnois Taraxici, Linn—English Botany, t. 1109—Apargia 
Tarax, Willd.—Smith, Hooker.—A. pratensis, Link. ; 
fioot abrupt, with long slender branched fibres. eaves all radical, 
spreading, lanceolate, tapering into a footstalk, toothed, or deeply 
lobed in a pinnatifid manner, dark green above, pale beneath, with a 
prominent mid-rib, smooth or rough, with rigid hairs. Stem ascend- 
ing, single or several, from twelve to eighteen inches high, round, 
simple, or mostly waved and branched above, smooth below, more or 
less hairy above. Peduncles more or less swollen upwards, and 
scattered over with small lanceolate bracteas. Flowers solitary, about 
an inch across, deep yellow. IJnvolucre imbricated, of linear lanceo- 
late scales, downy, small, and scattered externally, the inner ones 
longer, erect. _ Flores linear, obtuse, finely toothed at the end. 
Fruit linear, tapering upwards, finely striated, and rough, with ele- 
vated points, crowned with a ring of pappus, formed of slender rays, 
dilated at the base. 
Habitat.— Meadows and pastures ; frequent. 
Perennial; flowering in August. 
This is a variable plant in size, and with more or less deeply toothed 
or pinnatifid cut leaves. It is found common on the forest as well as 
on rich meadow land, and in the plain as on the mountain. The 
variety 8. is found on the mountains of Wales and Scotland, and has 
its leaves deeply cut. 
