1036 HIERACIUM. [CLASS XIX. ORDER I. 
GENUS XII. HIERA'CIUM.—Lixn.—Hawkweed. 
Nat. Ord. Composi'tx. Jvss. 
Gen. Coar. Involucrum imbricated. Receptacle dotted, naked, or 
with a few short hairs. Fruit roundish, furrowed, striated, or 
sub-prismatical, with an entire or crenated marginal ring at the 
top. Pappus hairy, sessile, fragile, persistent, mostly of a dirty 
brownish white colour—Name iz, a hawk, or falcon; so 
called from its being supposed formerly that birds of prey 
strengthened their power of vision by the use of the milky juice 
of plants known by this name. 
* Stem leafless, or with one leaf, single flowered. 
1. H. alpi'num, Linn. (Fig. 1216.) Alpine single flowered Hawk- 
weed. Stem single flowered, nearly leafless, downy, and scattered 
over with glandular tipped hairs; the involucrum clothed with silky 
pubescence ; leaves oblong lanceolate, entire, or toothed, tapering 
into a footstalk, one or two on the stem sessile. 
English Botany, t. 1110.—English Flora, vol. iii. p. 355.—Hooker, 
British Flora, ed. 4. vol i. p. 393.—Lindley, Synopsis, p. 159. 
8. Halleri, Koch. Radical leaves elliptic oblong, toothed, and 
often sub-hastate at the base, those of the stem (one or two) lanceo- 
late, sessile. 
P. Hooker, British Flora, ed. 4. vol. i. p. 293.—H. Halleri, Vill.— 
Lindley, Synopsis, p. 160.—H. villosum—English Botany, t. 2379.— 
English Flora, vol. iii. p. 366. 
toot somewhat woody, the whole plant more or less clothed with 
pubescence. Stem erect, simple, or sometimes branched at the base, 
round, striated, leafless, or bearing one or two sessile leaves. Leaves 
dark green, paler beneath, obovate, or oblong lanceolate, entire, or 
toothed, the radical ones all tapering into a footstalk, of greater or 
less length. Inflorescence a solitary head, rather large, bright yellow. 
Florets linear, obtuse, toothed. Involucre of imbricated lanceolate 
scales, of a dark green, almost black colour, clothed with long tawny 
silky hairs, and amongst these, as amongst those on the rest of the 
plant, are mixed other shorter ones, with a gland at the tip. Fruit 
oblong, angular, of a reddish brown colour, and minutely dotted. 
Pappus a pale dirty brown colour, roughish. 
Habitat—Elevated rocky mountains, especially in Scotland ; 
Snowdon, near Llyn-y-Cwn, North Wales; @. Highland mountains of 
Scotland. 
Perennial ; flowering in July and August. 
2. H. Pilosel'la, Linn. (Fig. 1217.) Common Mouse-ear Hawk-weed. 
Scape single flowered, leafless; scyons creeping, prostrate ; invo- 
lucrum short, cylindrical; leaves obovate, lanceolate, glaucous green, 
bristly above, downy beneath. 
