CLASS X1X. ORDER 1. | CARLINA. 1047 
of Knighthood, “ the most ancient Order of the Thistle,” instituted by 
King Achiaus, collar added by King James V., revived by King 
James II. in 1687, and re-established by Queen Anne 31st December, 
1703.” The star of this order consists of a St. Andrew’s cross, of silver 
embroidery, with rays emanating from between the points of the cross, 
in the centre of which is a thistle of gold and green upon a field of 
green, surrounded by a circle of gold. The collar is of thistles, inter- 
mingled with sprigs of rue. The motto is “Nemo me impune 
lascessit,” “‘ Nobody annoys me with impunity.” 
GENUS XVII. CARLI'NA.—Linn. Carline-thistie. 
Nat. Ord. Composi'tz. Juss. 
Gen. Cuas. Involucrum imbricated, tumid, the outer scales with 
numerous spines, spreading at the points, the inner mostly 
simple, and acute, the innermost much longer, membranous, 
ligulate, coloured, spreading like rays. Receptacle paleacous, the 
scales cut into bristle-shaped segments. Pappus feathery, 
united at the base into a ring—Name “the same as Carolina 
from a tradition that the root was shown by an angel to Char- 
lemagne, as a remedy for the plague which prevailed in his 
army.” 
1. C. vulga'ris, Linn. (Fig. 1234.) Common Carline-thistle. Stem 
many flowered, corymbose, pubescent; leaves lanceolate, unequally 
spinous, and sinuated, downy beneath; bracteas shorter than the 
head. 
English Botany, t. 1144.—English Flora, vol. iii. p. 398—Hooker, 
British Flora, ed. 4. vol i. p. 299.—Lindley, Synopsis, p. 154. 
Root tapering. Stem erect, about a foot high, leafy, downy, 
simple below, branched above in a sub-corymbose manner. Leaves 
lanceolate, sinuated, very spiny, of a hard rigid texture, green above, 
pale and downy beneath, sometimes woolly, and occasionally quite 
smooth, the lower and root leaves petiolated, the upper ones sessile. 
Flowers solitary, terminating the branches. Jnvolucre outer scales 
leafy, spinous, not longer than the head, the inner ones simple, the 
innermost long, linear, cream coloured, of a membranous rigid hard 
texture, spreading like the rays of the flower. Florets small, short, 
tubular, the mouth five-cleft, pink. Anthers and stigma yellow. 
Fruit compressed, crowned by the pale dirty yellow feathery pappus, 
united into a ring at the base. Receptacle with numerous palea- 
cous scales, linear, and deeply cut into several slender bristles. 
Habitat—Dry hilly pastures; rare in the West of Scotland, 
Bennauhead, Isle of Arran. 
Biennial; flowering in June. 
