CLASS XIX. ORDER I. | CARDUUS. 1049 
English Botany, t. 973.—English Flora, vol. iii. p. 386.—Hooker, 
British Flora, ed. 4. vol. i. p. 297.—Lindley, Synopsis, p. 155. 
Root tapering. Stem erect, about three feet high, mostly much 
branched, winged on every side with narrow sinuated spinous wings 
from the angles of the lanceolate deeply sinuated leaves, the lobes 
ovate, sub-palmate, toothed and spinous, green on both sides, and 
nearly smooth, the radical leaves on angular footstalks. Flowers 
mostly several, crowded at the top of the stem and branches, not very 
large, a deep purplish crimson. Jnvolucre scales lanceolate, acumi- 
nated into a spinous point, downy, somewhat recurved at the point. 
Florets tubular, the limb deeply divided into five narrow segments. 
Fruit compressed. Pappus of numerous white silky roughish rays, 
very fragile, and united into a ring at the base. 
Habitat Road sides and waste places; not very common. 
Annual; flowering in June and July. 
It is sometimes found with white flowers, but in other respects not 
different. 
3. C. tenni'florus, Curt. (Fig. 1237.) Slender flowered thistle. 
Leaves decurrent, sinuated, and spinous, cottony beneath; heads 
several, crowded, sessile, cylindrical; involucre scales lanceolate, 
erect. 
English Botany, t. 412.—English Flora, vol. iii. p 386.—Hooker, 
British Flora, ed. 4. vol. i. p. 297.—Lindley, Synopsis, p. 156. 
Root small, tapering. Stem erect, three or four feet high, slightly 
branched above, angular, and clothed with cottony down, strongly 
winged from the top, lobed, toothed, and spinous. Leaves lanceolate, 
sessile, the radical ones oblong, all more or less cottony, especially 
beneath, deeply sinuated into pinnatifid lobes, ciliated with teeth and 
stout pungent spines. Flowers several, crowded, sessile at the top of 
the stem and brauches, a pale frose colour. Involucre cylindrical, of 
erect lanceolate spinous scales. Florets tubular, the limb cut into 
five narrow segments. Fruit ovate, compressed, grey, shining. 
Pappus of silky roughish rays, united into a ring at the base. 
Habiiat.— Waste sandy places, especially near the sea, and about 
towns. 
Annual ; flowering in June and July. 
*k Leaves sessile. 
4. C. Maria'nus, Linn. (Fig. 1238.) Milk-thistle. Leaves am- 
plexicaul, waved, and spinous, the radical ones pinnatifid ; involucre 
scales leafy at the base, and toothed, the point a long channeled 
recurved spine. 
English Botany, t. 976.—English Flora, vol. iii. p. 387.—Hooker, 
British Flora, ed 4. vol. i. p. 297.—Silbyum, Girtn.—Lindley, 
Synopsis, p. 154. 
