CLASS X1X. ORDER I. | CIRCLUM. 1053 
De Cand. Prod. 6. p. 638.—Carduus eriophorus, Linn.—English 
Botany, t. 386.—Cnicus.—English Flora, vol. i. p. 891.—Hooker, 
British Flora, ed. 4. vol. i. p. 298.—Lindley, Synopsis, p. 153. 
Root tapering. Stem erect, three feet high, much branched and 
spreading, leafy, round, deeply furrowed, somewhat hairy. Leaves 
numerous, sessile, large, spreading, rough above, white and cottony 
beneath, deeply pinnatifid, the lobes bifid, the lacene lanceolate, 
entire, alternately pointing upwards, tipped with a strong spine. 
Flowers large, terminal, solitary, purple. Jnvolucre large, globose, 
very woolly, with one or two small leaves close beneath, the scales 
like a mass of wool at the base, the points only protruding, lanceolate, 
with a spinous point, spreading, purplish. JJorets long, tubular, the 
limb cut into five narrow segments. /ruit obovate, smooth. Pappus 
long, silky, feathery. 
Habitat —Waste ground and road sides, especially in a gravelly or 
limestone soil. Rare in Scotland; near Edinburgh, Dunbarton, and 
in Appin. 
Biennial; flowering in July. 
This is remarkable, from its large size and widely spreading habit ; 
the root leaves are often two feet long, anc are peculiarly exact in 
the pointing upwards and downwards of their alternate lobes. The 
flowers are very large, and sometimes white. 
6. C. bulbo'sum, De Cand. (Fig. 1243) Bulbous Plume-thistle. 
Leaves deeply pinnatifid and toothed, hairy above, woolly beneath, 
the lower ones petiolated ; stem above the middle, leafless, one or few 
flowered ; peduncles elongated ; involucre sub-globose, nearly smooth, 
its scales lanceolate, mucronate, spreading at the points; root fasci- 
culated. 
De Cand. Prod. 6. p. 650—Cnicus tuberosus, Willd —English 
Botany, t. 2562.—English Flora, vol. ii. p. 892.—Hooker, British 
Flora, ed. 4. vol. i p. 298.—Lindley, Synopsis, p. 153. 
foot hard and woody, putting out numerous radicles, swollen into 
fleshy oblong tubers. Stem erect, about two feet high, simple, or 
slightly branched upwards, round, woolly, furrowed, leafy in the lower 
part, wand-like above. eaves lanceolate, green and hairy on the 
upper side, pale and cottony on the under, all deeply pinnatifid, the 
lobes divided into narrow lanceolate segments, all fringed with fine 
prickles, and pointed with strong spines, the lower leaves on foot- 
stalks, the upper sessile. Flowers terminal, solitary, mostly single, 
seldom more than three on a plant, bright purple. Jnvoluecre globose, 
or oblong, nearly smooth, the scales lanceolate, the outer ones bristle 
pointed, all close pressed, except the points, which are spreading. 
Florets tubular, the limb cut into fine narrow segments. Fruit 
obovate, smooth, small. Pappus long, silky, feathery. 
