1058 SAUSSUREA. [CLASS XIX. ORDER I. 
oblong, corymbose ; involucre scales appressed, the outer ovate, acute, 
the inner linear. 
English Botany, t. 38.—English Flora, vol. iii. p. 383.—Hooker, 
British Flora, ed. 4. vol. i. p 297.—Lindley, Synopsis, p. 154. 
Root somewhat woody. Stem erect, simple, from two to three feet 
high, striated, angular, furrowed, leafy, smooth, or rather downy. 
Leaves smooth, with a little downiness, dark green above, paler be- 
neath, finely and acutely serrated on the margin, lyrato-pinnatifid, the 
lateral lobes narrow, the terminal one long, narrow, lanceolate, 
Flowers several, terminating the stem in a corymbose cluster, the 
peduncles short, or elongated. Jnvolucre oblong, its scales dark 
purple, the outer ones ovate lanceolate, the inner linear, all close 
pressed, more or less distinctly ribbed and downy, especially upon the 
margin. Jlorets tubular, purplish crimson, the limb cut into linear 
segments. Jruit ovate, compressed. Pappus short, rough, dirty 
white hairs, of unequal lengths. Receptacle with numerous bristly 
hairs, longer than the seeds. 
Habitat.—Thickets and pastures. 
Perennial , flowering in July and August. 
The leaves are sometimes found quite entire, and of an ovate 
lanceolate form. The whole plant is said to dye woollen goods of a 
fine yellow colour, for which purpose Linneeus says it is much used 
in Sweden; and when fixed with alum, it is reported to be a more 
permanent and beautiful yellow colour, and to give a better green 
when mixed with blue, than either Reseda Luteola or Genista 
tinctoria. 
GENUS XXII. SAUSSU'REA.—DeE Canp. Saussurea. 
Nat. Ord. Composi'tm. Juss. 
Gen. Coan. Jnvolucrum oblong, imbricated, the scales unarmed. 
Receptacle paleaceous, or bristly. Pappus in two rows, the 
outer of short minutely notched hairs, the inner feathery, and 
longer.—Named in honour of the two Saussures, father and son, 
two Swiss philosophers. 
1. S. alpi'na, De Cand. (Fig. 1249.) Alpine Saussurea. Leaves 
toothed, smooth above, cottony beneath, the radical ones petiolated, 
ovate lanceolate, rounded at the base, those of the stem lanceolate, 
the upper ones sessile, heads in a crowded umbel, terminal. 
Hooker, British Flora, ed. 4. vol. i. p. 296-—Lindley, Synopsis, p. 
152.—Serratula alpina, Linn.—English Botany, t. 599.—English 
Flora, vol. iii. p. 384. 
Root somewhat woody. Stem erect, simple, round, striated, woolly, 
from six to twelve inches high. Leaves numerous, unequally toothed 
