CLASS XIX. ORDER I. | BIDENS. 1071 
Habitat—Borders of fields, road sides, &c. 
Perennial ; flowering in July and August. 
The wholefplant has a strong smell and bitter stimulating taste, 
which qualities have caused it to be used as a tonic to strengthen the 
digestive organs, and at the same time it is said to expel worms 
from the intestinal canal. The juice of the young leaves is used for 
flavouring some kinds of pudding, but it is not now esteemed so 
much as formerly. A curled leaved variety is often found, and this 
is the kind mostly cultivated in gardens. 
GENUS XXX. BI'DENS.—Liny. Bur-marigold. 
Nat. Ord. Composi'tx. Juss. 
Gen. Cur. Involucrum of many scales, the outer ones mostly 
leafy, and spreading. Florets all tubular, and perfect, or if 
ligulate on the circumference imperfect. Receptacle plane, 
paleaceous. Pappus of from two to five persistent awns.— 
Name from bis, two ; and dens, a tooth ; from tne two awns or 
teeth upon the fruit. 
1. B. cer'nua, Linn. (Fig. 1269.) Nodding Bur-marigold. Head 
drooping; leaves of involucre lanceolate, entire, longer than the 
flower; leaves lanceolate, serrated; fruit obovate, wedge-shaped, 
crowned with about three bristles. 
English Botany, t. 1114—English Flora, vol. iii. p. 400.—Hooker, 
British Flora, ed. 4. vol. i. p. 299.—Lindley, Synopsis, p. 151. 
Root of numerous branched fibres. Stem erect, from one to two 
feet high, round, furrowed, branched, somewhat hispid. Leaves 
smooth, lanceolate, deeply serrated, dilated at the base, and often 
united in a connate manner. Flowers terminal, and on axillary 
peduncles, drooping, large, greenish yellow, the outer florets simple, 
or radiant, the inner short, tubular, the limb five-cleft. Jnvolucre of 
lanceolate leafy scales, longer than the head, and shorter lanceolate 
ones. Fruit obovate, wedge-shaped, smooth, or roughish, crowned 
with three ‘or four erect rough bristles. Receptacle with thin lanceo- 
late membranous paleaceous scales. 
Habitat.—Sides of rivers, ditches, and lakes; frequent. 
Annual ; flowering in June and July. 
2. B. triparti'ta, Linn. (Fig. 1270.) Trifid Bur-marigold. Heads 
erect ; leaves of involucre lanceolate, entire, as long or longer than 
the flower; leaves tri-partite, the lacene lanceolate, serrated; fruit 
obovate, wedge-shaped, rough, crowned with two or three teeth. 
English Botany, t. 1113.—English Flora, vol. iii. p. 399.—Hooker, 
British Flora, ed. 4. vol. i. p. 299.—Lindley, Synopsis, p. 151. 
