1100 CENTAUREA. | CLASS XTX. ORDER III. 
close under the head. Jnvolucre sub-globose, its scales numerous, 
imbricated, ovate lanceolate, pale and downy at the base, the point 
and margin smooth, membranous, dark brown, almost black, fringed 
with numerous very fine hair-like slender long teeth, the inner scales 
oblong, torn, or slightly fringed. Florets numerous, deep purple, 
long, slender, tubular, the limb cut into five narrow segments, those 
of the ray the same as the disk, or sometimes larger. Receptacle flat, 
its scales cut into numerous hair-like segments. Fruit oblong, downy, 
crowned with a tuft of short pale rough bristles. 
Habitat.—Meadows and pastures; frequent. 
Perennial; flowering from June to August. 
The flowers with a ray are not common ; sometimes the flowers are 
altogether white. 
2. C. Ja'cea, Linn. (Fig. 1313.) Brown radiant Knapweed. Scales 
of involucre membranous, ovate, concave, pale brown, entire, lacerated 
or fringed; leaves rough, lanceolate, entire, or the lower ones re- 
motely sinuated or pinnatifid; heads radiant ; pappus very short, in a 
single row. 
English Botany, t. 1678.—English Flora, vol. iii. p. 155.—Hooker, 
British Flora, ed. 4. vol. i. p. 309.—Lindley, Synopsis, p. 155. 
Root somewhat woody, and with long fibres. Stem erect, about a 
foot high, rough, angular, furrowed, branched. Leaves light green, 
rough, with short rigid hairs, the radical ones petiolated, lanceolate, 
toothed or lobed, the upper ones lanceolate, or linear, sessile, entire, 
or sometimes with one or two small teeth. lowers terminal, solitary, 
the peduncles swollen upwards, angular, deeply furrowed, and with 
several leaves close to the head. Jnvolucre sub-globose, of numerous 
imbricated oblong scales, terminating in an oblong membranous pale 
brown lobe, various, jagged, or fringed, or with short teeth. orets 
numerous, those of the ray large, spreading, radiant, pale crimson, 
those of the disk short, darker coloured, all with a long narrow tube. 
Receptacle flat, its scales cut into numerous hair-like segments. 
Fruit inversely conical, crowned with a simple row of short black 
hairs. a 
Habitat.—Hedges and waste places, Sussex; frequent in Angus- 
shire, Scotland; near Belfast, Ireland. 
Perennial; flowering in August and September. 
3. C. Scabio'sa, Linn. (Fig. 1314.) Greater Knapweed. Scales of 
involucre ovate, downy, with a black triangular ciliated point; leaves 
rough, pinnatifid, the lobes lanceolate, with a callous top to the point ; 
pappus black unequal rough hairs, as long as the compressed fruit. 
English Botany, t. 56—English Flora, vol. iii. p. 468.—Hooker, 
British Flora, ed. 4, vol. i. p. 310.—Lindley, Synopsis, p. 155. 
Root somewhat woody. Stem erect, about two feet high, branched, 
angular, striated, somewhat rough. Leaves numerous, dark green, 
