1102 CENTAUREA. [CLASS XIX. ORDER I1f. 
involucre smooth, the margin with palmate spines; leaves rough, 
oblong lanceolate, toothed or pinnatifid; flowers terminal, solitary, 
with one or two leaves at the base. 
English Botany, t. 2256.—English Flora, vol. iii. p. 468.—Hooker, 
British Flora, ed. 4. vol. i. p. 310.—Lindley, Synopsis, p. 155. 
Root fibrous. Stems mostly several, recumbent, about a foot long, 
branched, angular, furrowed, rough. Leaves scattered, sessile above, 
and somewhat clasping the stem, lanceolate, oblong, toothed, the 
lower ones petiolated, pinnatifid, the lobes lanceolate, tipped with a 
small spine, all roughish, especially on the edges. Flowers terminal, 
solitary, pale purple. Jnvolucre globose, smooth, its scales ovate, 
green, tipped with five short yellow spreading spines, united in a 
palmate manner. Florets of the ray small, spreading, of the disk 
tubular, with a short limb. Receptacle flat, its scales cut into bristle- 
like segments. /ruit obovate, crowned with a tuft of unequally length. 
ened hairs. 
Habitat.—Meadows and pastures in Jersey. 
Perennial ; flowering in July and August. 
6. C. Caleit'rapa, Linn. (Fig. 1317.) Common Star-thistle. Scales 
of involucre smooth, terminating in a long stout broad spine, and 
fringed at the base with small ones ; heads lateral, sessile, solitary ; 
stem branched, spreading; leaves unequally pinnatifid, toothed, and 
spinous. 
English Botany, t. 125.—English Flora, vol. iii. p. 469.—Hooker, 
British Flora, ed. 4. vol. i. p. 310.—Lindley, Synopsis, p. 155. 
Root tapering. Stem low, much and repeatedly branched and 
spreading, striated, furrowed, somewhat downy. eaves numerous, 
sessile, hairy, a pale somewhat glaucous green, unequally pinnatifid, 
with lanceolate lobes, toothed, each tooth terminating in a slender 
spine, the upper leaves lanceolate, toothed, the lower ones petiolated. 
Flowers solitary, sessile, lateral, mostly surrounded with several 
leaves at the base. Jnvolucre smooth, ovate, its scales ovate oblong, 
terminating in a lorg stout broad channeled spine, and fringed at the 
base with small ones. lorets pale pink, those of the ray rather 
larger than those of the disk. Receptacle flat, its scales cut into long 
slender white silky hairs. Fruit ovate, a pale grey, smooth, without 
pappus. 
Habitat—Gravelly and sandy waste places in the Middle and 
South of England, especially near the sea. 
Annual; flowering in July and August. 
7. C. solstitialis, Linn. (Fig. 1318.) Yellow Star-thistle, St. Bar- 
naby’s thistle. Scales of involucre woolly, palmato-spinous at the 
base, the terminal spine long, and slender; heads terminal, solitary ; 
leaves lanceolate, decurrent, forming wings to the stem, the radical 
ones lyrato-pinnatifid, all unarmed. 
