CLASS XXI, ORDER I11. | CAREX. 1159 
ing, with acute rough margins; scaies ovate, acute, mucronate ; 
stem angular, rough above ; root fibrous. 
English Botany, t. 1097.—English Flora, vol. iv. p. 88.—Hooker, 
British Flora, ed. 4 vol. i. p. 834.—Lindley, Synopsis, p. 286. 
Root tufted, with numerous branched fibres. Stem erect, from one 
to two feet high, slender, angular, the angles above rough, striated, 
leafy below, bright*green, like the narrow linear Jeaves, about as high 
as the stem, sheathed at the base, the margins and keel rough, with 
fine teeth. Spike terminal, oblong, obtuse, one to two inches long, 
brown, densely crowded or interrupted below. Bractea ovate, mem- 
branous, the lower ones mostly with a leafy slender point. Spikelets 
rather lax, the upper florets barren. Scales ovate, acute, brown, 
membranous, the mid-rib green, terminating in a mucro, shorter 
than the fruit, smooth. Fruit ovate, acute, smooth, green, at length 
brown, convex at the back, without ribs, plane, or somewhat concave 
in front, the angles smooth below, rough above, the beak short, bifid. 
Stigmas two. The fruit is more or less spreading, and gives a prickly 
appearance to the spike. 
Habitat—Moist pastures and shady places, especially in a sandy 
soil. 
Perennial ; flowering in May and June. 
15. C. parado'xa, Willd. “Spikes narrowly panicled ; lower 
branches rather distant; fruit ovate, gibbous, with numerous short 
elevated ribs near its base; beak bi-dentate, serrulate, with no wing 
on its convex side; nut rhomboidal, constricted below, convex on 
both sides, without a beak ; style slightly enlarged at the base ; stem 
trigonous and scabrous in the upper part, with convex faces.” 
Babington, British Botany, p. 337. 
Specimens of this species we have not seen. It grows in bogey 
places in dense tufts, and has a slender stem, from one to two feet 
high. 
Habitat.—In a boggy wood at Ladiston, near Mullingar, Ireland. 
—M?. D. Moore. 
Perennial ; flowering in July. 
*k Stigmas two. Spikelets with the lower florets barren. 
16. C. boenning'hausiana, Weihe. Boenninghausian Carex. Spike 
compound ; spikelets several, alternate, oblong lanceolate, the upper 
crowded, fertile, the lower distant, barren ; stigmas two; fruit lanceo- 
late, plano-convex, tapering into an almost entire beak, strongly 
serrated from below the middle; scales equalling the fruit; root 
tufted. 
Babington, British Botany, p. 337. 
Foot much tufted. Stem slender, from one to two feet high, tri- 
angular, rough on the edges. Spike compound, sub-distichous above, 
spikelets from eight to twelve, the lower ones with alternate spicule. 
