1188 CAREX. [CLASS XXI, ORDER IIl, 
stout, acutely angular, and rough, leafy, u rather pale somewhat 
glaucous green. Leaves very long, broadly linear, with a tapering 
point, numerously striated, somewhat rough on the margins and 
keel, sheathed, with large cellular partitions. Barren spikelets three 
or four, oblong, crowded at the top of the stem, the scales pale brown, 
lanceolate, acuminate, with a pale mid-rib, fertile spikelets three 
to five, erect, cylindrical, densely flowered, sessile, or the upper 
sessile, and the lower pedunculated, or all peduncuiated, or sessile, 
scales oblong, pale brown, with a broad green mid-rib, terminating in 
a rough awn between the notches at the apex in a cuspidate manner. 
Fruit oblong, conical, smooth, green, numerously and _ lightly 
striated, convex on both sides, the beak short, broad, flat, with two 
spreading horns. Stigmas three. 
Habitat —Sides of pools and ditches ; common. 
Perennial ; flowering in May. 
This is the largest of our species, and readily distinguished by its 
large conical fruit, with its short flat two horned beak and cuspidaie 
scales, and the barren spikelets having narrow acuminated scales. 
The leaves are used for chair bottoms, matting, &c. 
66. C. hordeifor'mis, Host. Barley Carex. “Sheaths as long as 
the flower stalk; bracteas foliaceous, very long; sterile spikelets about 
two, remote; fertile oblong, remote, sessile; scales mucronate; fruit 
oblong, acuminate, striated, rough at the margin, deeply bifid at the 
point ; stem smooth, bluntly angular.”—Hooker. 
Hooker, British Flora, ed. 4. vol. i. p. 343.—C. secalina, Wahl.— 
English Flora, vol. iv. p. 126.—Lindley, Synopsis, p. 292. 
“ Root apparently creeping, with stout dark brown reddish branched 
fibres. Herbage naked. Stems a foot or more high, erect, with three 
very smooth angles, leafy below. Leaves linear, flat, ribbed, rough 
edged, pointed, rather narrow, not hairy. Bracteas like the leaves 
very long, with naked smooth sheaths, from one to two inches in 
length. Barren spikelets two, often solitary, slender, with obovate 
blunt filmy scales, fertile spikelets three or four, the uppermost often 
near together, the lower one or two very remote, all on stalks, con- 
cealed by the sheaths of the bracteas, erect, short, thick, with ovate 
acute scales, pale and thin at their edges. Stamens three. Stigmas 
three. J ruit large, ovate, with a thin rough edge, convex, and 
strongly ribbed externally, without any hairiness, deeply concave at 
the inner side, being so greatly compressed as to have no considerable 
cavity, by which character it essentially differs from C. hirta, the 
beak, moreover, being longer, narrower, rough at the edges, and 
somewhat membranous at the orifice. Seed obovate, oblong, tri- 
angular.”—Smith. 
Habitat.—In a small valley about three miles west of Panmore, 
Forfar, Scotland; rare.—Mr. T. Drummond. 
Perennial; flowering in June. 
