1210 CASTANEA. CLASS XXI. ORDER Vil. 
a prison, and that at Salcey has been enclosed with gates, and used as 
a pinfold for cattle. Chene Chapelle, or the Oak of Allonville, in 
Normandy, holds in its living cavern a Chapel and upper chamber for 
the dwelling of the officiating Priest. Through the Green-dale Oak, 
in Welbeck Park, is a road through which we have often rode on 
horseback, and carriages of the noble owner have been driven, and 
over this road the living arch still flourishes. Cowper, addressing the 
Yardley Oak, says— 
“ Oh! couldst thou speak 
As in Dodona once thy kindred trees 
Oracular, I would not curious ask 
The future, best unknown; but at thy mouth 
Inquisitive, the less ambiguous past! 
By thee I might correct, erroneous oft, 
The clock of history; facts and events 
Timing more punctual, unrecorded facts 
Recovering, and misstated, setting right.” 
The highest reward the Romans could give was the Corona civia, 
made of Oak leaves. This was awarded to the individual who had 
saved a citizen from death, and was presented by the appointment of 
the General by the person saved to the preserver; but under the 
Emperors we are told by Tacitus it was bestowed by the Prince him- 
self, The persons wearing this crown were honoured by being 
allowed to sit next the Senate at the public spectacles, and on enter- 
ing, the audience rose as a mark of respect For much curious and 
interesting matter regarding these trees see Burnett's Amonitates 
Quernee, and much valuable information respecting their mode of 
propagation, cultivation, &c., will be found in Loudon’s Arboretum et 
Fruticetum Brittanicum. 
GENUS XXI. CASTA'NEA.—Tovurn. Chesnut. 
Nat. Ord. CupuLir'er®. RuicuHp. 
Gen. Cuan. Barren flowers in very long irregular clustered catkins. 
Perianth single, six-cleft. Stamens five to twenty. Fertile 
flowers three, within a thick four lobed involucre, very spiny on 
the outside. Perianth single, urceolate, five or six lobed, and 
with the rudiment of twelve stamens, smooth on the outside, 
lined with a stout shining coat of hairs within. Ovarium six 
celled, incorporated with the perianth six celled, each cell two 
seeded, five of which are mostly abortive. Styles six. Fruita 
sub-rotundate one to three seeded nut, enveloped in the enlarged 
spiny involucre—Name from Castanea, in Thessaly, which pre- 
duced magnificent Chesnut trees. 
gill 
