1222 PINUS. [CLASS XX1. ORDER VIII. 
juice. Leaves several, on long cellular triangular footstalks, truly 
arrow-shaped, with two straight lanceolate lobes at the base, the 
terminal one lanceolate, often obtusely pointed, a fine green above, 
paler beneath, with pale veins. Scape simple, terminating in several 
distant whorls of three flowers each, from the axis of an ovate mem- 
branous bractea, all on stalks of greater or less length, the lower 
whorls fertile, the upper barren. Calya of three ovate sub-membra 
nous pieces. Petals white, roundish obtuse, with a short purple claw, 
deciduous. Fruit numerous, carpels crowded into a globose head. 
Carpels obovate, compressed, tumid, with a short beak and dilated 
margin, single seeded. 
Habitat—Ditches and margins of rivers; frequent in England 
and Ireland. 
Perennial; flowering in July and August. 
This appears to be one of the most widely distributed plants. It is 
found in all parts of Europe, East India, China, and North America. 
It is one of our most beautiful aquatic plants, and flourishes well 
under cultivation The tubers abound in starchy matter, and it is 
said that they are used in China and Japan as an article of food. 
The leaves vary considerably in size, and in the lobes being more or 
less narrow. 
ORDER VIII. 
MONODEL'PHIA. (Stamens united into one set). 
GENUS XXVIII. PI'NUS.—Linn. Fir. 
Nat. Ord. CoNnIFE'’RA. JUSS. 
Gen, Cuar. Barren flowers crowded into terminal racemose catkins, 
the scales peltate, bearing two single celled anthers. Fertile 
flowers in compact ovate catkins, or cones, its scales acuminate, 
closely imbricated, two flowered. Ovaries two. Stigmas glan- 
dular. Nuts in pairs, single seeded, terminated by a long 
winged membranous appendage —Name “ pin, or pen,” Means a 
crag, or stony mountain, still so called in Wales, (as Ben in 
Scotland,) where the pine delights to grow, “moored in the 
rifted rock.” 
1. P. sylves'tris, Linn. (Fig. 1474.) Scotch Fir. Leaves linear, 
rigid, in pairs; cone conico-ovate, pedunculated, recurved when in 
fruit ; anthers with a very small crest; wings three times longer than 
the nut. 
English Botany, t. 2460.—English Flora, vol.iv. p. 158.—Hooker, 
British Flora, ed. 4, vol. i. p. 345.—Lindley, Synopsis, p. 241. 
