1290 RHODIOLA, [ CLAS: XXII. ORDER VI, 
are similar to that of P. alba. The bark is used in Russia for pre- 
paring Morocco leather, and in England the same as that of the Oak. 
In times of scarcity the bark is pulverised, and given to sheep in 
Russia and in Kamtschatka, and in Norway the poor inhabitants are 
sometimes driven to the necessity of drying and powdering the inner 
bark, and mixing it with oatmeal to make their bread. The outer 
bark is light, thick, and used by fishermen to suspend their nets, and 
often used as corks for bottles, &e. The buds bruised in boiling water 
give out a fatty matter, which burns like wax, and exhales during its 
combustion a fragrant odour. The young shoots are slender and 
pliant, and may be applied to some of the purposes of the Willow. 
The cottony substance enveloping the seeds has been used in France 
and Germany for making wadding, paper, &c.; but from its being 
short and brittle, it does not so far answer the purpose of the manu- 
factories as to be worth the expense of collecting. It is not a tree 
much esteemed in landscape gardening, on account of its large size ; 
and though useful in many situations on account of its rapid growth, 
until other trees have increased sufficiently, it is but seldom selected 
us ornamental on its own account. 
GENUS X. RHODI'OLA.—Linn. Rose root. 
Nat. Ord. Crassuna'cExz. DE Cann. 
Gen. Cuar. Perianth double. Calyx four-partite, small. Petals 
four, oblong, narrow. Glands four, emarginate. Barren flowers 
with eight spreading stamens, Fertile flowers with four carpels, 
single celled, many seeded.—Name from eodoy, arose; in allusion 
to the scent of the roots. 
1. &. rose'a, Linn. (Fig. 1551.) Rose-root. Leaves oblong, smooth, 
fleshy, serrated at the tip. 
English Botany, t. 508.—English Flora, vol. iv. p 246.—Hooker, 
Britsh Flora, ed. 4. vol. i. p. 377.—Sedum Rhodiola, Dee.—Lindley, - 
Synopsis, p. 64. 
Root large, somewhat woody, and when recently dried with an 
agreeable smell, something like roses. Stems several, about eight 
inches high, simple, smooth, leafy. Leaves numerous, scattered, 
sessile, oblong, acute, entire below, serrated towards the point, a 
glaucous green, somewhat fleshy, turning reddish, especially on the 
barren plant. lowers in terminal eymose clusters, yellow, agreeing 
with Sedunis in their structure, but differing in the number of their 
parts, and nearly allied to S. Telephium. 
Habitat—Wet rocks on the higher mountains in the North of 
England and Ireland, and especially in the North-west of Scotland. 
Perennial ; flowering in May and June. 
ie 
