R SYNOPTICAL TABLE. 
and length while the outside remains soft, afterwards only in length; sometimes 
abortive, subterranean, and root like. Leaves often sheathing, entire, with simple 
veins, or lobed with ramose veins; never truly compound. Flowers distinct, and 
generally arranged in ternary numbers; the integument simple in two rows, or 
(according to some authors) double; the pieces of each row being similar. Embryo 
with one cotyledon, or if with two then the accessory one is imperfect and alternate 
with the other. MRadicle generally enclosed within the substance of the embryo.— 
De Cand. 
CLASS I. CErLiuares. 
Substance of the plant composed of cellular tissue chiefly, either in a spheroidal or 
elongated state ; spiral vessels wholly absent ; annual and present in some. Cuticle 
generally destitute of stomata. Sexual organs, and consequently flowers absent. 
Reproduction taking place either by sporules, which are enclosed in particular cases, 
called thece, or imbedded in the substance of the plant, or else by a mere dissolution 
of the urticles of cellular tissue; germination occurring at no fixed point, but upon 
any part of the surface of the sporules.—Lindley. 
ARTIFICIAL ANALYSIS OF THE ORDERS. 
DIVISIONS. 
* PHANEROGAMOUS, or PHa@NOGAMOUS PLANTS. (Flowering plants). 
Flowers present; the stamens and pistils being visible to the naked eye. 
1, DicHLAMYDEOUS PLANTS. Perianth double, consisting of calyx and corolla; the 
parts of the flower generally in fives, and the leayes with netted veins. 
21. Polypetalous Plants. Corolla composed of two or many petals. 
$2. Gamopetalous Plants. Corolla haying the petals more or less united. 
2, MonocHLamyDEOUS Piants. Perianth simple, of one or two rows rounded at the 
base, or rarely apparently double; the parts of the flower being then in threes, 
and the leaves with parallel veins. 
3. ACHLAMYDEOUS PrAntTs. Perianth wantiug; the florets sometimes surrounded 
by a common invyolucre. 
** CRYPTOGAMOUS PLANTS. (Llowerless plants). 
Flowers none ; or the stamens and pistils, if any, indistinct, and not visible to the 
naked eye. 
PHANERGGAMOUS, or PHQSNOGAMOUS PLANTS. 
1. DicHLAMYDEOUS PLANTS. 
21. PotypeTatous Piants. (Petals distinct). 
* Ovary or ovaries free. 
+ Ovaries numerous. ORDER 
Calyx composed of separate sepals.............++e00eeee44 RANUNCULACER. 1 
Calyx composed of sepals, more orless united at their base. 
Stamens united by their filaments into atube .......... MALVACER®. 16 
Stamens distinct. 
Leaves more or less fleShy......cseercseeevseeresneess CRASSULACER, 35 
Dieaves)| Mob AOS yy cisncig ghlacaed s0i0.Vniais tases iniain,e (iasine, AO BAGICEY 27 
_4+ Ovary solitary. 
+ Corolla regular, 
