August 15, 1913] 



SCIENCE 



209 



taste for all kinds of zoological literature 

 which was one of his strong characteristics. 

 He once said to the writer that while he 

 was at Berlin he read the whole series of 

 the Naples Jahresherichte, and as his mem- 

 ory was unusually retentive he soon ac- 

 quired a very broad acquaintance with the 

 literature of his science. 



In the summer of 1891 he accompanied 

 his father on a trip to Europe, and, fas- 

 cinated by the possibilities for the study of 

 anatomy and zoology in Germany, he per- 

 suaded his father to allow him to stay there 

 for the remainder of his university course. 

 He entered the University of Berlin in 

 the autumn of that year, devoting atten- 

 tion particularly to human anatomy and 

 morphological zoology. He applied him- 

 self with great energy and enthusiasm to 

 his work and matured very rapidly as a 

 student and investigator. It had been his 

 intention to go to Leipzig for a portion of 

 his university course, but his work in Ber- 

 lin kept him so busy and so satisfied that 

 he remained there for three years, taking 

 the degree of Ph.D. in 1894, when he was 

 but twenty-one years old. His preceptors 

 in Berlin were Waldeyer, 0. Hertwig, F. 

 E. Schulze, Schwendener, Mobius, Dames, 

 Heider, Korschelt and Jaeckel. He pre- 

 pared his thesis under the direction chiefly 

 of Schulze. Student associates at Berlin 

 whom he often mentioned and who left a 

 deep impress upon him were Fritz Schau- 

 dinn, afterward famous for his study of 

 pathogenic protozoa, and F. Purcell, at 

 present director of the Capetown Museum, 

 South Africa. 



As indicative of the strong hold which 

 studies of evolution had made upon him 

 may be mentioned the three theses which 

 he defended on the occasion of taking his 

 degree: "I. Fiir die Phylogenie ist das 

 Studium des Nervensystemes von der gross- 

 ten Wichtigkeit. " "II. Die Nachsten jetzt 



lebenden Verwandten des Limulus sind die 

 Arachnoiden. " "III. Vogelarten, die pe- 

 riodisch lange Wanderungen durchmachen, 

 haben keine geographischen Varietaten. " 

 Whereas his earlier studies had been de- 

 voted largely to birds, his work at Berlin 

 was chiefly on other classes of animals. 

 His inaugural dissertation was an anatom- 

 ical and histological description of a new 

 genus and species of nemertean worm 

 found at Berlin, and this was the first of a 

 series of ten papers which he wrote on this 

 group of animals. However, his interest 

 in ornithology did not flag, and in several 

 letters to Witmer Stone he expresses his 

 great interest in the work of the American 

 Ornithological Union, of which he had been 

 elected a member, and his regret that he 

 was unable because of the pressure of other 

 work to continue his study of birds while 

 abroad. Just before he took his degree he 

 wrote to Mr. Stone : 



I have done absolutely no ornithological work in 

 Germany, and will probably never have the time 

 for it in the future. I have been studying espe- 

 cially comparative anatomy and embryology, but 

 I have not yet lost my little taste for collecting 

 and general field work, though that is now for me 

 simply a happy bygone. 



Nevertheless, after his return from Ger- 

 many he continued for some time to record 

 his observations on birds in his "Ornitho- 

 logical Field Notes," and he later pub- 

 lished five papers based largely on these 

 observations; up to the time of his death 

 his interest in birds and in general field 

 work never waned. 



He returned to this country early in 

 1895 and for the next three years occupied 

 a research room at the Wistar Institute of 

 Anatomy in Philadelphia, where he con- 

 tinued to work unremittingly at his re- 

 searches. During the summer of 1895 he 

 studied in the laboratory of Alexander 

 Agassiz at Newport and at the U. S. Fish 



