224 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXXVIIl, No. 972 



is unwise to speculate on where it has been 

 very inadequately done. The crucial question 

 is if it will always be necessary, in order to 

 correctly interpret our tests, to already know 

 so much about our subject, that the test gives 

 us no added information. To-day this is true 

 in all the more complex mental processes; and 

 it is not improbable that, as our tests are im- 

 proved, a better understanding of human con- 

 duct at large will develop. This brings more 

 into the foreground the quantitative features 

 •of experiment; to tell us something good to 

 inow more accurately than we could other- 

 -wise know it. It is the form and direction of 

 the tests that has to be dealt with now. If we 

 do not first interpret our tests by our subjects, 

 we shall never understand our subjects through 

 ■our tests. 



Frederic Lyman Wells 

 McLean Hospital, 

 "Waveeley, Mass. 



THE FOVBTS INTEENATIONAL CONGEE SS 

 OF SCHOOL HYGIENE 



As has been already announced the fourth 

 international Congress of School Hygiene 

 meets at Buffalo from August 26 to 30. The 

 congress is under the patronage of the presi- 

 dent of the United States and Dr. Charles W. 

 Eliot is the president. The vice-presidents are 

 Dr. William H. Welch and Henry P. Waleott. 

 The secretary-general is Dr. Thomas A. Storey, 

 College of the City of New York, New Tork 

 City, U. S. A., from whom programs and 

 further information can be obtained. The 

 congress meets in three sections, for each of 

 which a large number of papers is announced 

 on the preliminary program. The sections and 

 the subjects covered are as follows : 



Section 1. " The Hygiene of School Build- 

 ings, Grounds, Material Equipment and Up- 

 keep." This section will include papers on 

 topics related to the location, plan, construc- 

 tion, equipment and up-keep of city, village 

 and rural schools, open-air schools, private 

 schools, boarding schools, summer camps and 

 special schools for backward, truant, delinquent, 

 deficient, defective and deformed children, i. e., 

 site, architecture, decoration, ventilation, illu- 



mination, cleaning system, plumbing, toilets, 

 sewage disposal, school furniture, school books, 

 water supply, drinking facilities, bathing 

 facilities, swimming pools, school grounds, 

 school athletic fields, fields for games, sport 

 and play, lunch rooms and equipment, gym- 

 nasium, social rooms, rest rooms, libraries, 

 laboratories, class rooms, study rooms and 

 lecture rooms. 



Section 2. " The Hygiene of School Admin- 

 istration, Curriculum and Schedule." This 

 section will include all topics concerned with 

 the hygienic factors found in school adminis- 

 tration, curriculum and schedule as they apply 

 to country, village and city schools; and to the 

 modifications necessary for the best interest of 

 our various special schools. Papers on such 

 subjects as the following would belong to this 

 section : Hygiene of the teacher ; hygiene of 

 the child; hygiene of the janitor and other 

 school employees; hygiene of the schedule, 

 growth and age; school fatigue; need for and 

 management of school lunches and school 

 baths; influence of the seasons; study periods; 

 home work; recesses; vacations; athletics; the 

 problems of heredity in relation to school hy- 

 giene; overcrowding; the teaching of hygiene; 

 the training of teachers of hygiene; special 

 phases of hygiene: as personal hygiene; oral 

 hygiene; preventive hygiene; educational hy- 

 giene ; community hygiene ; sex hygiene ; play ; 

 physical education; domestic hygiene; pueri- 

 culture, and first aid; special plans for and 

 results from the instruction of backward chil- 

 dren, truant, delinquent and crippled children ; 

 the economics of school hygiene; relation to 

 the home. 



Section S. "Medical Hygienic and Sanitary 

 Supervision in Schools." This section will re- 

 ceive papers on the management, operation and 

 results of medical, hygienic and sanitary super- 

 vision in public, private and special, country, 

 village and city schools, colleges, universities 

 and professional schools. 



Such subjects as the following will be in- 

 cluded : The control of health inspection ; sani- 

 tary supervision; the organization of health 

 departments in schools; the relationship to 

 the board of health; the equipment, training 



