August 22, 1913] 



SCIENCE 



259 



will allow me to say that I have no fear 

 that all will eventually agree that sanitary 

 considerations with reference to the char- 

 acteristics of parasitic diseases which are 

 now quite commonly resident in the seed 

 and the soil will yet form the essential 

 basis for the proper management of crops 

 in rotation in series, and the same consid- 

 erations will largely govern the type of 

 tillage and the manner of handling waste 

 materials on the farm, particularly farm 

 manures. Further, aside from the matter 

 of variety as to food value, the efforts of 

 agriculturists and agronomists with refer- 

 ence to cereal cropping will, in the future, 

 give primary consideration to the selection 

 of seed for sowing purposes, based directly 

 upon its powers of resistance to disease. 



The ability of our farmers to do all these 

 things can not be questioned, and when 

 they realize that health among cropping 

 plants is far more important because of the 

 close association of individual plants in the 

 soil, than it is with reference to animal life, 

 they will understand, and will put into 

 action proper sanitary measures for dis- 

 ease control in cereal cropping. 



H. L. BOLLET 



Agricultural College, 

 North Dakota, 

 May 14, 1913 



TABLE I 



Doctorates Conferred 



DOCTOBATJES CONFERRED BY AMERICAN 

 UNIVERSITIES 



As shown by the tables published on the 

 following pages, the notable increase in the 

 number of degrees of doctor of philosophy 

 and of science conferred by American uni- 

 versities in 1912 has been followed by a 

 small decrease in 1913. The total number 

 of degrees this year is 461, as compared 

 with 482 last year; the degrees in the nat- 

 ural and exact sciences fell from 273 to 

 231. Such fluctuations are not, however, 

 significant, being due to natural variations 



Columbia 



Chicago 



Harvard 



Yale 



Johns Hopking . . 

 Pennsylvania. . . 



Cornell 



Wisconsin 



Clark 



New York 



Michigan 



Boston 



California 



Princeton 



Illinois 



Bryn Mawr 



George Wash. . . . 



Virginia 



Brown 



Catholic 



Minnesota 



Stanford 



Iowa 



Nebraska 



Mass. Inst 



Cincinnati 



Indiana 



Ohio 



Pittsburgh 



Washington. . . . 



Missouri 



VanderbUt 



Georgetown. . . . 



Colorado 



Kansas 



Syracuse 



North Carolina. 

 Northwestern . . . 



Tufts 



Wash, and Lee. , 



Lafayette 



Dartmouth 



Lehigh 



Tulane 



32.2 



35.6 



33.8 



31.8 



30.5 



22.5 



18.1 



8.6 



8.7 



6.7 



6.9 



4.4 



3.3 



2.6 



.5 



2.1 



2.8 



2.8 



2.3 



2.0 



2.4 



Total 272.4 378 389 358 445 482 461 5,237 



702 



648 



588 



522 



475 



406 



374 



206 



159 



149 



125 



104 



80 



78 



77 



49 



48 



47 



42 



40 



40 



37 



30 



30 



18 



17 



15 



14 



14 



14 



13 



13 



10 



7 



7 



7 



in statistics when the total number of cases 

 is comparatively small. It is not likely 

 that the number of degrees conferred in 

 any future year will fall appreciably below 

 the record for the present year, whereas 

 the average for the first five years covered 

 by these statistics was 233. This repre- 

 sents a doubling of graduate and research 



