478 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXXVIII. No. 979 



officers prevented the complete loss of the 

 herd. The animals were examined almost 

 daily to determine whether they had become 

 infested with Texas fever ticks and were 

 placed in specially designed cages and sprayed 

 with crude oil at intervals of from fifteen to 

 thirty days, but notwithstanding the extreme 

 precautions which were adopted, three of the 

 animals died. Gradually, however, the en- 

 closures in which the buffalo were confined 

 were freed from fever ticks and there is a 

 possibility that as the buffalo adapted them- 

 selves to their new environment they became 

 more or less immune to the disease. ~So losses 

 from Texas fever have occurred for several 

 years, and the herd has almost qiiadrupled in 

 number since it was established. The fact 

 that the herd has not increased more rapidly is 

 due largely to the preponderance of male 

 calves. This characteristic of the buffalo is 

 so pronounced in all of the herds now in cap- 

 tivity that a cow is considered twice as val- 

 uable as a bull. 



UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL NEWS 

 Ernest Solvay, the discoverer of a process 

 for the manufacture of soda, celebrated the 

 fiftieth anniversary of that discovery on Sep- 

 tember 2 at Brussels by giving more than 

 $1,000,000 to educational and charitable insti- 

 tutions and the employees of his firm. The 

 Universities of Paris and Nancy each received 

 $100,000. 



At the last session of the Legislature of 

 Pennsylvania an appropriation of $40,000 was 

 made to aid in the development of courses in 

 education at the University of Pennsylvania. 

 Dr. Frank P. Graves, of the Ohio State 

 University, has been appointed professor of the 

 history of. education, and Dr. Harlan Upde- 

 graff, of the Iowa State University, as pro- 

 fessor of educational administration. Pro- 

 fessor A. Duncan Tocum, who now occupies the 

 chair of pedagogy at the University of Penn- 

 sylvania, will continue as professor of educa- 

 tional research and practise. 



A GRADUATE school of education has been 

 established at Eryn Mawr College. It is under 



the charge of Professor Kate Gordon, associate 

 professor of education. Dr. Matilde Castro, 

 director of the Model School, and Professor 

 James H. Leuba, professor of psychology, who 

 will give a graduate course on the psychology 

 of defective and unusual children. 



The University of California has announced 

 the establisliment of a new Division of Rural 

 Institutions. This new department will study 

 and aid the rural forces which have for their 

 aim the making of life in the open country 

 successful and satisfactory. Elwood Mead has 

 been called to the headship of this new divi- 

 sion. He was formerly chief of the United 

 States Bureau of Irrigation Investigations. 

 He is now in Australia, as chairman of the 

 Rivers and Water Supply Commission of the 

 State of Victoria and chief engineer. His 

 work in the University of California will be 

 to deal with questions of farm credits, irri- 

 gation and drainage institutions, cooperation, 

 and all the varied political, economic, educa- 

 tional, social and religious institutions which 

 affect rural life. 



Work has been begun at Smith College on 

 the erection of a new biological laboratory 

 which is to cost $150,000. 



Propessob Don Rosco Joseph, of Bryn Mawr 

 College, has accepted a call to the medical 

 school in St. Louis. His work in physiology at 

 Bryn Mawr College will be given by Professor 

 Arthur Russell Moore, now assistant professor 

 in the University of California. 



Dr. Paul S. McKibben has left the depart- 

 ment of anatomy of the University of Chicago 

 to become professor of anatomy in the Western 

 University of London, Ontario. 



Dr. G. E. Coghill, of Denison University, 

 has been appointed associate professor of anat- 

 omy at the University of Kansas, Lawrence. 



Edmund Vincent Cowdry, associate in anat- 

 omy of the University of Chicago, goes this 

 fall to the Jolms Hopkins Medical School. 



Dr. Clara Moore, pathologist in the North 

 Chicago Hospital, has been appointed in- 

 structor in clinical medicine and diagnosis in 

 the University of Wisconsin. 



