600 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXXVIII. No. 982 



Marine 'Laboratory. During the cruise 

 forty-six oil-shore stations were occupied, at 

 which 130 tows were made with the various 

 nets; quantitative hauls were made at sixteen 

 stations; the dredge or trawl used at four- 

 teen; serial temperatures were taken at 

 thirty-nine, bottom, intermediate and sur- 

 face water samples at 37, while 38 current 

 measurements were made. The surface tem- 

 perature was recorded hourly, and the color 

 of the sea noted by the Forel scale. 



On our return to port the salinities of the 

 water samples were obtained by titration with 

 nitrate of silver, the use of floating hydrom- 

 eters having been abandoned as wholly un- 

 reliable. 



In IsTovember, 1912, operations "were re- 

 sumed on the steamer Blue Wing, which 

 acted as tender to the Grampus during her 

 fish-cultural operations of the winter. By 

 the courtesy of the Bureau of Fisheries I was 

 enabled to make stations on the Blue Wing 

 bi-monthly until April, 1913, in Massachusetts 

 Bay, taking the usual serial temperatures, 

 serial water samples and tows. And during 

 March, April and May, 1913, this work was 

 greatly advanced by Mr. W. W. Welsh, of the 

 Bureau of Fisheries, who took temperatures, 

 water samples and surface tows at numerous 

 stations between Cape Ann and Boon Is- 

 land, while investigating the spawning habits 

 of the haddock. 



We laid out a more ambitious program for 

 our summer cruise in 1913 than in the pre- 

 ceding year, planning to cover the cool coastal 

 water between the coast and the Gulf stream, 

 from Cape Cod to the mouth of Chesapeake 

 Bay, besides repeating, in a general way, our 

 stations of 1912 in the Gulf of Maine. The 

 object of the latter part of the work was, of 

 course, to trace the changes which might take 

 place there from year to year. 



On July 7, the Grampus, again in my 

 charge, sailed southward from Gloucester. 

 And we were now able to work in much 

 greater comfort than before, an excellent lab- 

 oratory having been constructed on board 

 during the winter. Our course took us to the 

 western edge of Georges Bank, where we 



made our second station, thence directly to 

 the edge of the Gulf stream south of Nan- 

 tucket Shoals Light Ship. We then pro- 

 ceeded southwestward along the coast in a 

 zigzag course, occupying a station every 45- 

 miles or so, and running three sections across 

 the coastal bank to the Gulf stream over the 

 continental slope. On July 24 we reached 

 the Chesapeake, and anchored in N'orfolk to 

 refit. 



During this part of the cruise three sta- 

 tions were devoted to current measure- 

 ments, oif Long Island, Cape May and Chin- 

 coteague, observations being taken hourly, at 

 surface and bottom, for six hours at each 

 station. The first was timed to include parts 

 of both flood- and ebb-tides, the last two to- 

 gether covered an entire flood and nearly an 

 entire ebb. 



We left Norfolk July 29, reached Gloucester 

 August 4, and put to sea again for the Gulf 

 of Maine on August 9. We now ran from 

 Cape Ann to Cape Sable, and besides ma- 

 king stations en route, turned aside to visit 

 Jeffreys Bank and the deep trough off Piatt's 

 Bank. We then turned northward, crossing 

 the mouth of the Bay of Fundy, and fol- 

 lowed the coast back to Gloucester, where we 

 arrived on August 15. During the sum- 

 mer's cruise complete oeeanographic observa- 

 tions, including serial temperatures and serial 

 water samples, were taken at 50 stations. 

 And thanks to our ample supply of water 

 bottles, water samples were taken at from 

 3 to 5 levels at every station. One hundred 

 and sixty-five tows were made with the vari- 

 ous plankton nets, including 15 hauls with 

 the quantitative net, the latter all in the 

 Gulf of Maine, and the otter trawl was used 

 at 10 stations. It may be of interest to note 

 that the distance traveled was about 2,100 

 miles. 



The plankton collections gathered during 

 1912 and 1913 are very extensive, and as 

 varied as the large ocean area traversed 

 would suggest, fish fry and eggs, copepods, 

 hyperiid amphipods, schizopods, sagittse, 

 pteropods, medusse and diatoms being espe- 

 cially well represented. And the oceano- 



