OCTOBEK 31, 1913] 



SCIENCE 



637 



The smoker program was arranged with great care 

 and consisted of solos by both local and profes- 

 sional talent, interspersed with music from an 

 orchestra, songs from a membership quartette, in- 

 teresting and instructive moving pictures, and sev- 

 eral impromptu parades by guests. The entire 

 function was most thoroughly organized and exe- 

 cuted and will stand as a monument to the skill of 

 the Eochester Section. On Wednesday night. 

 President Little's address was given in the East 

 High School, which was thrown open to the public. 

 The President's address was a most authentic and 

 comprehensive treatment of the subject of re- 

 search in America, and its statements of the ex- 

 tent and thoroughness of this development in our 

 more progressive industries will be an enlighten- 

 ment to all who read it. The address is printed in 

 the October number of the Journal of Industrial 

 and Engineering Chemistry, and a careful reading 

 will undoubtedly suggest to delinquent American 

 manufacturers that serious and genuine industrial 

 research will offer the only means to overcome 

 foreign competition and antiquated methods and 

 products. 



The annual banquet was held on Thursday night 

 at the Powers Hotel. Dr. L. H. Baekeland acted 

 as toastmaster, and the principal speakers were 

 President Eees, of the University of Rochester, 

 Edward W. Morley, honorary president of the 

 eighth International Congress, President A. D. 

 Little, C. H. Herty, of the University of North 

 Carolina, H. E. Howe, of Bausch and Lomb Op- 

 tical Company, S. L. Bigelow, of Ann Arbor, and 

 Secretary C. L. Parsons. A delightful feature of 

 the banquet was the orchestra music and a num- 

 ber of soprano solos. With the menu was distri- 

 buted to each member present an engraving en- 

 titled "The Alchemist," which will long be a re- 

 minder of the Eochester meeting. 



The excursions to the plants of the Bausch and 

 Lomb Optical Company, Taylor Instrument Com- 

 pany, Curtice Brothers Company, J. Hungerford 

 Smith Company, Moerlback Brewery, German-Amer- 

 ican Button Company, Genesee Eeduotion Company, 

 Municipal Incinerator, Stecker Lithographic Com- 

 pany, and others, under the general direction of 

 Mr. J. E. Woodland, chairman of the factory ex- 

 cursions committee, proved to be one of the most 

 important features of the annual meeting. Eoch- 

 ester, being an industrial center, is admirably sit- 

 uated to provide this interesting and instructive 

 feature of the program. 



The Entertainment Committee had also made 

 ample provision for the entertainment of the lady 



members and visitors in the form of a reception at 

 the University Club, a card party at the Century 

 Club, an excursion to Irondequoit Bay with lunch- 

 eon at the Newport House, and numerous automo- 

 bile excursions through the city and neighborhood 

 of Eochester. 



The success of the meeting is due to the work of 

 the local committees and it was the unanimous 

 opinion of the visiting members that to the Eoch- 

 ester Section belongs the credit of organizing and 

 administering to the minutest detail the innumer- 

 able features which contributed to the complete 

 success of the forty-eighth annual meeting. 



The papers presented follow. 



GENERAL PROGRAM 



General meeting of all divisions and sections 

 was held in Assembly Hall, KodaJc Park. 

 The following papers were presented: 



James Otis Handy : Copper-covered or Copper-clad 



Steel. The Manufacture, Properties and Uses of 



Composite Metal made iy Alloying or Welding 



Copper and Steel. 



Copper is known to resist atmospheric corrosion 

 better than zinc, tin or tin and lead alloyed. Not- 

 withstanding this, copper has been very little used 

 as a protective coating for iron or steel. Processes 

 have been recently perfected for making copper- 

 clad steel. In one process the copper is alloyed to 

 the steel and in the other it is welded. The ad- 

 vantages of the welded process are: great uniform- 

 ity, high conductivity and a perfect union without 

 loss of the characteristic properties of electro- 

 lytic copper or of high-grade soft steel. 



Microphotographs show clearly the difference be- 

 tween an alloy union of copper and iron and a 

 weld. The line of contrast in the latter case is 

 very sharply defined, while in the former there is a 

 gradation or shading of one metal into the other. 



Alloys of copper and iron have lower conduc- 

 tivity than either copper or iron, therefore welded 

 copper and iron which contains no alloy is superior 

 for electrical purposes and for other uses as well 

 because of its uniformity. 



The use of this material for roofing, for culverts 

 and other sheet-metal products is sure to greatly 

 increase. 



When exposed in the Pittsburgh atmosphere a 

 sheet of copper .04 inch thick lost less than .1 

 per cent, in 21 months and a copper-clad steel 

 sheet .06 inch thick lost less than .05 per cent. 

 There was no excessive rusting of steel at the 

 sheared edges of the copper-clad sheet. 



