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SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXXVIII. No. 987 



tion, which was more fully descrihed with il- 

 lustrations in 1911.2 jjj^ a postscript to our 

 1911 publication we described a second cru- 

 cial case, and it is the purpose of this note to 

 record a third. 



In the first case, the ovaries of a black 

 guinea-pig were transplanted into the body of 

 a white one, where they developed and liber- 

 ated ova for a period of more than one year, 

 in the course of which six young were pro- 

 duced, all black-coated like the animal which 

 furnished the ovary, but not like the animal 

 which bore the young. The foster mother dif- 

 fered from the animal which furnished the 

 graft, to the best of our knowledge, by only 

 a single genetic color factor. The ovarian 

 tissue taken from the black animal evidently 

 possessed this factor (the so-called " color- 

 factor ") and retained it throughout its so- 

 journ in the body of the albino, for it was 

 transmitted in the eggs liberated within the 

 body of the albino, a thing which never oc- 

 curs in normal albinos. 



In the second case, as in the first, the same 

 color-factor difference existed between the 

 animal which furnished the graft and the one 

 which received it, the latter being an albino, 

 the former colored, while as regards other 

 color-factors graft and grafted were alike. 

 But in Case 1, as already stated, the colored 

 animal was black and the albino was a ■poten- 

 tial black, lacking color; whereas in Case 2 

 the colored animal was brown-eyed cream and 

 the albino was a potential brown-eyed cream, 

 lacking color. In the pair of animals used in 

 Case 1 two color-factors occurred which were 

 lacking (or different) in Case 2. In Case 1 

 hlach and extension of color were present in 

 graft and grafted animal alike; in Case 2 

 these were replaced by hrown and restriction 

 respectively. Nevertheless the same negative 

 result was observed in both cases as regards 

 the effects of grafting. In Case 2, the grafted 

 albino foster mother bore a brown-eyed cream 

 young one by an albino mate. She also bore 

 two albino young, but this is not to be re- 



2 ' ' On Germinal Transplantation in Verte- 

 brates," Carnegie Institution of Washington, 

 Publ. No. 144, 26 pp., 2 pi. 1911. 



garded as evidence of somatic influence of the 

 foster mother, for it is known that animals 

 of the stock of guinea-pigs which furnished 

 the graft were heterozygous in albinism, so 

 that the ovarian tissue would be expected to 

 furnish equal numbers of ova transmitting 

 the brown-eyed cream character and albinism, 

 respectively. As we said in 1911, " The char- 

 acter of the young obtained and their numer- 

 ical proportions are exactly such as the colored 

 animal herself would have been expected to 

 give had she not been sacrificed to furnish 

 the grafts but had been mated with the al- 

 bino male." 



The third (and new) case involves a wholly 

 different factor, the agouti hair pattern, both 

 animals being colored and alike, so far as 

 known, in all genetic factors except the 

 agouti. For both were hrown pigmented (not 

 black), with extended (not restricted) pigmen- 

 tation, and in the families of both albinism 

 occurred as a recessive character. The 

 grafted animal in this case was a brown (or 

 " chocolate ") animal, No. 2,562. Her pa- 

 rents were of the same color. At about six 

 weeks of age, on June 9, 1910, she was cas- 

 trated and then received the ovaries from fe- 

 male No. 2,564, a light cinnamon guinea-pig 

 about one month old, and of the same color va- 

 riety as her parents. On either side of the 

 body an ovary was stitched to the " horn " of 

 the uterus about a centimeter from the normal 

 position of the ovary. After recovery the 

 grafted animal was placed in a pen with male 

 2,420, an albino whose parents were brown- 

 eyed cream. From a mating with this ani- 

 mal the expectation would be that a brown 

 mother would produce brown young (or albinos 

 potentially brown), while a cinnamon mother 

 would produce cinnamon young (or albinos 

 potentially cinnamon). 



The grafted mother produced five young as 

 follows: In November, 1910, a male albino; 

 on June 25, 1911 (more than a year after the 

 operation), a female light cinnamon. No. 

 2,986; on September 1, 1911, a male light cin- 

 namon-and-yellow, No. 3,016; on November 

 10, 1911, a male albino; on January 29, 1912, 

 a female albino. 



