TRANSACTIONS OF WAGNER 



HAWAIIAN SKULLS 



of expressing by percentages. It is of interest to note, however, that but one 

 cave skull shows a depression at the lambda sufficiently marked to cause an 

 interruption of the profile curve, while three of this kind are found in the 

 coast series. In the coast series in one skull (No. 3, ?, Princeton Univer- 

 sity) a marked depression is found at the obelion, marking an opisthioinion ; 

 inio-obelial : obelial intertuberal curve, which is of the lowest grade possible, 

 since it indicates a retarded expansion of both the occipital squama and the 

 parietal bones. 



The glabella is slightly larger in the cave people, being 5 mm. as against 

 3 mm. in diameter. The junctions of the nasal bones with the frontal bone, 

 the maxilla, and premaxilla are as follows: with frontal bone, 3 mm. for both 

 series; with maxilla, 20 mm. for the cave and 19 mm. for the coast; with pre- 

 maxilla, 4 mm. for the cave and 3 mm. for the coast. 



The nose-root (radix) is g mm. long in cave and 8 mm. for the coast ; the 

 angulation '^1° of the former as against 82° of the latter. The salient is 14 

 mm. long in the cave and 12 mm. in the coast, with a salient of 35° in the 

 former as against 41° of the latter. In all the crania, therefore, a singular 

 uniformity is noted in the characters selected for comparison excepting the 

 nose salient, where the projection is more marked in the coast. 



The position of the mental foramen is subject to slight variation. In the 

 cave series the foramen is opposite the second premolar in four examples, 

 between the premolars in three, and between the second premolar and first 

 molar in one. 



The genial spine is double as a rule. It is present in nine cave bones 

 and in seven coast, and single in one cave and two coast. 



The gettial crest is developed in the same way in both series and appears 

 to have little significance. 



The Hard Palate 



Since the hyperbolic form is found in advanced stages of civilization, it is 

 natural to infer that the cave series would show a higher percentage than the 

 coast, — /.i'., eighty-nine per cent, as against eighty-five per cent. The para- 

 bolic form, on the other hand, is found in lower types, and the four per cent. 

 of the cave as against fifteen per cent, of the coast was to be expected. 



The. foramen lacerum medium, whether present or absent, is a study which 

 has interested me. It is closed in lower types both of quadrupeds and of 



