FREE INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE 



THE ELIMINATION OF GRADE-CROSSINGS IN CITIES 



17 



methods of grade-crossings protection is given by The Railway Review of May 

 27, 1 91 6, the methods being given in the order of their effectiveness: 



1. Gates operated day and night. 



2. Crossing flagmen day and night. 



3. Gates by day and automatic bell by night. 



4. Crossing flagmen by day and automatic bell at night. 



5. Crossing flagmen by day and unprotected at night. 



6. Automatic devices only, such as crossing alarm bell or automatic flag- 

 men. 



7. Crossing unprotected save by signs. 



It is interesting in this connection to note some of the data which have been 

 collected to determine the attention which is paid by the public in passing over 

 a grade-crossing. 



Observations were made at the various crossings of the Baltimore and 

 Ohio South Western Railroad in Ohio and Indiana in February and March, 

 1914. (Proceedings A. R. E. A., 1915, Part 2, Monographs, p. 178.) These 

 are given in Table i. 



TABLE I 



OBSERVATIONS AT GRADE-CROSSINGS OF THE B. & O. S. W. R. R. IN OHIO AND 



INDIANA 



February and March, 19 14 



From this table it is easy to determine how many people crossing over 

 railroad tracks fail to observe the law to " Stop, Look and Listen." 



The Pennsylvania Railroad Company has published a statement of all 

 accidents which happened on their Hnes east of Pittsburgh, between January 

 and August, 1916, inclusive. This list is given in Table 2. 



