ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 69 



Stein. The chlorophyllaceous are separated from the non-cliloro- 

 phyllaceous hyaline Euglenacese. The author describes their 

 general structure, system of vacuoles, contents, and investing struc- 

 tures, and then proceeds to their mode of division, resting condition, 

 and the question of sexuality, as to which he obtained simply negative 

 results, and the general biological phenomena of the green Euglen- 

 aceae. He considers the colourless as direct descendants of the green 

 forms, and as the link of relationship of the latter with other Flagel- 

 lata. No systematic separation of the hyaline from the green forms 

 is possible. Notwithstanding the numerous transitional forms between 

 the different species of Euglenacese, the author establishes two groups 

 with nine genera, the characters dependent on the delicate internal 

 structure, the mode of movement, behaviour towards external influ- 

 ences, &c. The author then discusses the relationship of the Euglen- 

 acefe to the Peranemese and Algae. The Peranemeae resemble the 

 Euglenacese in essential points, but differ in the possession of a 

 mouth-opening and special mouth-apparatus. 



Among the Flagellata of Stein, the author regards, in addition to 

 the VolvocineaB, CMorogonium euchlorum Ehbg. as a typical Chlamy- 

 domonad, as also Chlorangium stentorinum from the family of Hydro- 

 morina. As is the case with the other Chlamydomonads, hyaline forms 

 of both occur. A new classification of the unicellular Chlorophyceae is 

 proposed, associating under the name Protococcoideae the groups 

 PleurococcEB, Chlorosphaerace^, Tetrasporeee, Chlamydomonadae, 

 V ilvocineac, Endosphaeracege, Characieee, and Hydrodictyeae. The 

 Endosphaeraceae, Tetrasporeae, and Chlorosphaeracese lead to the 

 Siphoneae, Ulvaceae, and Confervaceae. 



The fresh-water forms of the Peridineae, on the vegetable nature of 

 which the author agrees with Leuckart, are treated of in detail, and 

 the following are the general results at which the author has arrived. 



The Eugienaceae and Peranemeae must be separated from the 

 Ciliata and placed among the Infusoria, forming a separate division, 

 the Flagellata, distinguished by a different mode of ciliation, and 

 other differences in structure. The Volvocineae, Chlamydomonadae, 

 and Hydromorina Stein remain partly among the Chlorophyceae. 

 From both the Ciliata and the Flagellata must also be separated the 

 Peridineae, termed by Claparede and Lachmann Cilioflagellata, and 

 regarded by Bergh and Stein as a connecting link between these two 

 groups ; they form a well-marked family of Thallophytes. 



Klebs' group of Flagellata remains, even if associated with the 

 Infusoria, an intermediate group, connected on one hand, through the 

 Cryptomonadae, with the Algae, on the other hand with the Vampyrellae, 

 rhizopod-like organisms, Noctilucae, &c. Their general character 

 connects them partly with the Protozoa, partly with the lower Thallo- 

 phytes. 



Transformation of Flagellata into Alga-like Organisms.* — 

 A paper intended to show some relations between animals and 

 plants at their lowest degrees of development is contributed by 

 M. Shmankevitch. 



* Mem. Novorossian Soo. Natural., vii. Of. Nature, xxix. (1884) p. 274. 



