74 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



the reproductive process ; if merely parasites their constant presence 

 and in the same spot is inexplicable. A comparison with other 

 Ehizopods affords no satisfactory explanation of the problematical 

 infusoriform body, though it possibly corresponds to the gemmules 

 arising within the central capsule by which many Eadiolarians are 

 propagated. 



The following is M. Fol's diagnosis of this genus : — 

 " Pseudopodia in four rows. Nucleiform body curved in the form 

 of a bean. Membranous envelope of intercrossed tubular fibres. 

 Spines in the form of pins and sabres, arranged in divergent groups." 



Studies on the Foraminifera.* — G. Shacko has studied some 

 Orbulinge from Cape Verde, in which he noticed the large spheres 

 which Moseley regarded as parasitic algae, and Lankester as cell- 

 nuclei ; he is himself inclined to regard them as embryonic chambers, 

 but he did not test them with acids. In some OrbulinsB from the 

 miocene strata of Lapugy he found the shells closely covered by 

 Globigerinae, but he is not able to understand exactly what their 

 relations to one another were. 



A study of the embryos of Peneroplis proteus leads him to think 

 that there must be here a very regular constriction of the protoplasm 

 with the formation of nuclei, or else a very regular breaking-up of 

 the whole of the sarcode, such as is seen in the central capsule of the 

 Eadiolaria. 



The perforation of the shell of Peneroplis has also been studied, 

 and the impression arrived at is that the upper layer of the shell was 

 at first really perforated, and that later on this perforation disappeared, 

 when the septal surfaces and their large tubes became firmer. 



Development of Stylorhynchus.f — A. Schneider finds that Stijlo- 

 rhyncJius passes through the greater number of its developmental 

 stages, and often even acquires its adult structure in the interior of 

 an epithelial cell of its host. The same epithelial cell contains 

 several developing parasites. The young is at first similar to a 

 coccidium ; this coccidium buds off the segment which will answer to 

 the deutomerite of the adult, then the protomerite, and finally the 

 neck. The primitive body, therefore, minus the nucleus, corresponds 

 to the fixation apparatus of the adult. The nucleus retains its original 

 position till the formation of the protomerite, when it descends into 

 the deutomerite ; and the cavity of the rostrum corresponds to the 

 position originally occupied by the nucleus. 



* Arch. f. Naturgesch., xlix. (1883) pp. 428-53 (2 pis.). 

 t Comptes Reiidus, xcvii. (1883) p. 1151. 



