418 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



The author considers the separation of the Jungermannieas 

 Geocalyceee as a distinct group to be unsound, each group having one 

 or more " marsupial " (geocalycal) genera. The passage between above- 

 ground and underground perianths occurs in those genera the peri- 

 chsetium of which is more or less united into a fleshy cup which may 

 swell and form a rooting protuberance ; further development down- 

 wards leads to a pendent sac. Thus Acroholbus is a direct derivative 

 from those species of Nardia, like N. Breidleri, the rooting projecting 

 involucre of which is the forerunner of the pendent pocket of A. 

 Wilsoni ; the vegetative organs of both are similar. 



The following are the characteristics of the three proposed primary 

 groups of Hepaticse : — (1) Hypocolece, with free involucre ; (2) Epi- 

 colece, perianth and involucre coalescent ; (3) Marsupiocolece, with sac- 

 like fructification. The genera of Jungermanniese can be classed 

 under these three groups, thus : — (1) Leioscyphus and Jungermannia ; 

 (2) Southhya and Nardia ; (3) Lindigina and Acroholbus. 



Fungi. 



Lamellae of the Agaricini.* — H. Heese has paid special attention 

 to the structure of the lamellae of the Agaricini, with a view of 

 obtaining for them characters for the classification of the genera. 



The structure of the trama may be classified under five heads, as 

 follov^s : — 



1. Trama homomorphous, w^ith parallel threads of cells. 



2. Trama homomorphous, with curved hyphse. 



3. Trama heteromorphous, elongated ,• with usually ribbon-shaped 

 cells at the sides, vesicular cells in the middle. 



4. Trama heteromorphous; usually w^ith vesicular and ribbon- 

 shaped cells intermixed (Bussula, Lactarius). 



5. Trama heteromorphous ; elongated cells in the middle, round 

 cells at the side (Goprinus). 



These different forms run into one another. 



When fully developed the hymenium is composed of four kinds of 

 cells : (1) long pointed cells, cystidia ; (2) short pointed cells, para- 

 physes ; (3) short cells, rounded at the end, sterile basidia ; and (4) 

 cells like the last, but bearing spores, fertile basidia. Of these the 

 last kind are always present ; any of the three others may be w^anting. 

 Fleshy fungi rarely have paraphyses or cystidia ; the latter are found 

 chiefly in small membranous species. The regular occurrence of 

 paraphyses is characteristic of Goprinus. The basidia may be classed 

 under three heads : (1) narrow, occurring only with white-spored 

 genera ; (2) short ; (8) long. 



Fungi vv^ith homomorphous trama and ribbon-shaped interwoven 

 hyphaB usually have narrow basidia, as in Gantharellus and Glitocybe. 

 These series are connected on one side with Mycena with heteromor- 

 phous trama, on the other side with Tricholoma with parallel cells. 

 In proportion as heteromorphism increases, a change may be seen 



* Heese, H., ' Die Anatomie der Lamelle, u. ihre Bedeutung fur die Systematik 

 der Agaricineen,' 43 pp., Berlin, 1883. See Bot. Centralbl., xvii. (1884) p. 68. 



