Juny 23, 1897.] 
the aperture), an attenuated rib, or raised line, 
(sometimes two) developed just above it, about 
on the suture, the second rib above this being 
also sometimes smaller than the average. 
Measurements.—Hight 45 to 60 mm. ; breadth 
of body-whorl 17 to 20 mm.; divergence of 
spire-slopes (variable) commonly between 18 
and 23 degrees. 
Occurrence.—In the Kiowa formation at Belvi- 
dere, Kansas. It is the common Turritella of 
this formation, and is very abundant and well 
preserved in limestone bands in the Fullington 
horizon at that locality. Specimens preserved 
in the carbonaceous clay-shale parts of this 
horizon are usually found crushed. 
This shell has hitherto been cited generally 
under the name, Turritella seriatim-granulata, 
but is distinct from that species as described 
and figured by Roemer. 
I have elsewhere listed as ‘T. marnochi’ 
and ‘7. seriatim-granulata, var. marnochi,’ a 
large Turritella which is common in the 
Champion shell-bed at Belvidere. Recently, I 
submitted to Mr. T. W. Stanton, of the United 
States Geological Survey, specimens of the shell 
so listed. Most of these were returned without 
comment ; but one, whose only differences from 
the others seem to fall within the individual 
variation of the species, was returned with the 
comment, ‘‘This specimen is more like Roemer’s 
type of seriatim-granulata than any other I 
have seen, the chief difference being its larger 
size. Comparison was made with a squeeze 
from the original.’’ Since all of these specimens 
agree in general character of ornamentation 
with  seriatim-granulata as represented by 
Roemer in his Kreidebildungen von Texas, and 
since, at the same time, there is in many of 
them a tendency to that elongation of the 
granules which Dr. White represents for his 
Turritella marnochi, it seems altogether probable 
that the original marnochi and the large Turri- 
tella of the Champion shell-bed that I have 
hitherto referred to marnochi represent one and 
the same species, the Turritella seriatim-granulata 
of Roemer. 
A careful study, recently made, convinces me 
that the common Turritella of the Kiowa shales, 
to which, in Bulletin No. 11 of the Washburn 
College Laboratory of Natural History, I ap- 
SCIENCE. 
135 
plied the varietal name, belviderei, should be 
recognized as a species distinct from seriatim- 
granulata, and I have accordingly described it 
as such under the name thus early applied to it. 
Omitting common points, the two species 
may be characterized for determinative pur- 
poses as follows: 
T. seriatim-granulata. (Including 7. marnochi, ap- 
parently as an individual variation. ) 
Size large ; granules mostly well interspaced, 
coarse, appearing as small, low, rounded tubercles, 
or elongate with the trend of the revolving costellz, 
both forms of granules often appearing on the same 
specimen and in variable proportion. 
T. belviderei. 
Size usually smaller ; granules finer, prominent, 
numerous and crowded, their greatest diameter 
either transverse to costellz or oblique. 
So far as lam aware, there is no conclusive 
evidence of inter-gradation of the two types, 
though there is variation in both. 
But here arises the question of the relation of 
Turritella belvideret to Meek’s T. kansasensis, of 
the Mentor beds. The latter species, which 
attains a much larger size than is credited in 
the original account of it, is described as if 
ornamented with simple linear revolving ribs. 
As usually indicated by the mould, it is so orna- 
mented; but in some instances there are traces 
of granules on the ribs, though only of feeble 
ones so far as yet observed. Aside from their 
summit-form, the ribs have the same characters 
as those of J. belviderei, viz., abrupt elevation, 
square-bottomed intervals, etc. The sinuous 
‘trend of the growth-lines in this species is found 
also in belviderei and seriatim-granulata. T. 
kansasensis, as now known, has the ribs plain 
or nearly so. But the moulds sometimes seem 
to be coated with a ferruginous film which may 
have obliterated distinct granules if such were 
originally present ; and the query arises whether 
new and better material might not show 
strongly granulated ribs, and belviderei so be- 
come a specific or varietal synonym of kansasen- 
sis. At the same time, it is certain that in 
many Mentor fossils the moulds preserve the 
impress of the surface-sculpture in its finest 
details. 
An apparent difference of ornamentation like 
that between Turritella kansasensis and T. belvi- 
