AuvGUST 20, 1897.] 
but in the Narbad4é valley of western In- 
dia Paleolithic implements of quartzite 
seem to be associated with a local fauna of 
Pleistocene age, comprising, like that of Eu- 
rope, the elephant, hippopotamus, ox and 
other mammals of species now extinct. A 
correlation of the two faunas with a view 
of ascertaining their chronological relations 
is beset with many difficulties, but there 
seems reason for accepting this Indian 
Pleistocene fauna as in some degree more 
ancient than the Huropean. 
Is this not a case in which the imagina- 
tion may be fairly invoked in aid of science ? 
May we not from these data attempt, in 
some degree, to build up and reconstruct 
the early history of the human family? 
There, in eastern Asia, in a tropical climate, 
with the means of subsistence readily at 
hand, may we not picture to ourselves our 
earliest ancestors gradually developing from 
a lowly origin, acquiring a taste for hunt- 
ing, if not indeed being driven to protect 
themselves from the beasts around them, 
and evolving the more complicated forms 
of tools or weapons from the simpler flakes 
which had previously served them as 
knives? May we not imagine that, when 
once the stage of civilization denoted by 
these Paleolithic implements had been 
reached, the game for the hunter became 
searcer, and that his life, in consequence, 
assumed a more nomad character? Then, 
and possibly not till then, may a series of 
migrations to ‘fresh woods and pastures 
new’ not unnaturally have ensued, and 
these, following the usual course of ‘ west- 
ward towards the setting sun,’ might event- 
ually lead to a Paleolithic population find- 
ing its way to the extreme borders of west- 
ern Europe, where we find such numerous 
traces of its presence. 
How long a term of years may be in- 
volved in such a migration it is impossible 
to say, but that such a migration took place 
the phenomena seem to justify us in be- 
SCIENCE. 
279 
lieving. It can hardly be supposed that 
the process that I have shadowed forth was 
reversed, and that man, having originated 
in northwestern Europe, in a cold climate, 
where clothing was necessary and food 
scarce, subsequently migrated eastward to 
India and southward to the Cape of Good 
Hope! As yet, our records of discoveries 
in India and eastern Asia are but scanty ; 
but it is there that the traces of the cradle 
of the human race are, in my opinion, to 
be sought, and possibly future discoveries 
may place upon a more solid foundation 
the visionary structure that I have ven- 
tured to erect. 
It may be thought that my hypothesis 
does not do justice to what Sir Thomas 
Browne has so happily termed ‘that great 
antiquity, America.’ I am, however, not 
here immediately concerned with the im- 
portant Neolithic remains of all kinds with 
which this great continent abounds. J am 
now confining myself to the question of 
Paleolithic man and his origin, and in con- 
sidering it I am not unmindful of the Tren- 
ton implements, though I must content 
myself by saying that the ‘turtle-back’ 
form is essentially different from the ma- 
jority of those on the wide dissemination 
of which I have been speculating, and, 
moreover, as many here present are aware, 
the circumstances of the finding of these 
American implements are still under care- 
ful discussion. 
Leaving them out of the question for the 
present, it may be thought worth while to 
carry our speculations rather further, and 
to consider the relations in time between 
the Paleolithic and the Neolithic Periods. 
We have seen that the stage in human 
civilization denoted by the use of the or- 
dinary forms of Paleolithic implements 
must have extended over a vast period of 
time if we have to allow for the migration 
of the primeval hunters from their original 
home, wherever it may have been in Asia 
