394 
and 13 wood-feeding species were found in 
the forestry building. The interesting and 
significant fact is mentioned in this article 
that there was an exchange of seed samples 
between the representatives of different 
countries, which would, of course, greatly 
facilitate the spread of seed-inhabiting in- 
sects, and it was further shown that thous- 
ands of samples were taken away from 
open bags by visitors from all parts of this 
country and probably from other parts of 
the world. Moreover, at the close of the 
Exposition the sheaves of cereals used in 
the decorations were taken away by arm- 
fuls by visitors. After summarizing the 
habits and countries of origin of the differ- 
ent species, however, Dr. Riley expressed 
the opinion that no dangerous importations 
were made at this time. It seems alto- 
gether likely, however, that Phyllotreta ar- 
moracie, a Kuropean species which has es- 
tablished itself in northern Illinois, Iowa 
and Wisconsin since 1893, and which was 
found by Mr. Chittenden in that year in 
vacant lots near the exposition grounds, 
was an exposition importation. Moreover, 
an interesting Calandrid of the genus 
Tranes, the species of which are all Aus- 
tralian, has established itself injuriously in 
greenhouses in St. Louis as the result of 
the introduction of two plants of Zamia 
spiralis which were bought at the World’s 
Fair. With these instances in mind we 
cannot but admit that other species hereto- 
fore overlooked probably escaped and have 
become acclimatized as the result of this 
exposition, and that such occasions, occur- 
ring as they do more and more frequently 
and drawing constantly increasing material 
from all parts of the world, will, unless pre- 
cautionary measures are instituted, afford 
more and more frequent opportunities of a 
very favorable kind for the spread of in- 
jurious species.* 
* During the later months of the World’s Fair pre- 
cautionary measures were instituted under Mr. Chit- 
SCIENCE. 
[N.S. Von. VI. No. 141. 
We have thus seen how great the oppor- 
tunities are under our modern conditions 
for the transportation, in proper condition 
for establishment, ofinsects of many groups, 
and from this point of view it seems. 
strange, in view of the very numerous im- 
portations, that more species do not become 
acclimatized even in North America, where, 
perhaps, we reach the greatest possi- 
bilities in this direction. Our most inti- 
mate commercial relations are with the 
great faunal region most like our own, and 
these relations are rapidly growing both 
with Europe on the east and with Asia on 
the west, although our Asiatic importations. 
are more abundant from the Oriental region 
than the Palearctic, and from the Oriental 
we are not so likely to receive species which 
will acclimatize themselves. We have al- 
ready pointed out that the faunistic rela- 
tions with the Coleoptera (and undoubtedly 
with other groups) are least marked be- 
tween the north temperature and south 
temperate regions, and this distinction is. 
never likely to be disturbed by imported 
species on account of the diametrically op- 
posed seasons. A species starting from Ar- 
gentina in the height of summer will reach 
the United States in the dead of winter at. 
a time least likely to favor its acclimatiza- 
tion. This point was first suggested by my 
colleague, Mr. E. A. Schwarz, in his paper 
entitled ‘The Coleoptera common to North 
America and other Countries’ (Proce. 
Entom. Soc. Wash. I., 182-194). 
It appears from: what we have shown 
that very many species are constantly 
being imported which do not become accli- 
matized. Many of the European species. 
which we should most expect to take hold 
in this country have not done so, while 
tenden’s supervision. Much dry food material was 
fumigated with bisulphide of carbon, and many 
samples which were very badly infected were burned. 
At least four new and dangerous species of insects 
were destroyed in this way. 
